CMOS Indoor Light Energy Harvesting System for Wireless Sensing Applications
This book discusses in detail the CMOS implementation of energy harvesting. The authors describe an integrated, indoor light energy harvesting system, based on a controller circuit that dynamically and automatically adjusts its operation to meet the
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ndoor Light Energy Harvesting System for Wireless Sensing Applications
CMOS Indoor Light Energy Harvesting System for Wireless Sensing Applications
Carlos Manuel Ferreira Carvalho Nuno Filipe Silva Veríssimo Paulino
CMOS Indoor Light Energy Harvesting System for Wireless Sensing Applications
123
Carlos Manuel Ferreira Carvalho Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (IPL) Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL–ADEETC) Lisboa Portugal
ISBN 978-3-319-21616-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-21617-1
Nuno Filipe Silva Veríssimo Paulino Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa Caparica Portugal
ISBN 978-3-319-21617-1
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015944734 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
This book presents a micro-power light energy harvesting system for indoor environments. Light energy is collected by amorphous silicon photovoltaic (a-Si:H PV) cells, processed by a switched-capacitor (SC) voltage doubler circuit with maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and finally stored in a large capacitor. The MPPT fractional open-circuit voltage (VOC) technique is implemented by an asynchronous state machine (ASM) that creates and, dynamically, adjusts the clock frequency of the step-up SC circuit, matching the input impedance of the SC circuit to the maximum power point (MPP) condition of the PV cells. The ASM has a separate local power supply to make it robust against load variations. In order to reduce the area occupied by the SC circuit, while maintaining an acceptable efficiency value, the SC circuit uses MOSFET capacitors with a charge reusing scheme for the bottom-plate parasitic capacitors. The circuit occupies an area of 0.31 mm2 in a 130-nm CMOS technology. The system was designe
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