Efficiency of Two-Phase Anaerobic Fermentation and the Physicochemical Properties of the Organic Fraction of Municipal S
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ciency of Two-Phase Anaerobic Fermentation and the Physicochemical Properties of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste Processed in a Vortex-Layer Apparatus E. R. Mikheevaa, I. V. Katraevab, D. L. Vorozhtsova, Yu. V. Littic, *, and A. N. Nozhevnikovac aLobachevsky
State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia c Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] b
Received March 20, 2020; revised June 19, 2020; accepted July 2, 2020
Abstract—Pretreatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is a necessary step to accelerate the process of anaerobic digestion in order to avoid rapid acidification and inhibition of methanogenesis. This work shows for the first time the effect of pretreatment in a vortex-layer apparatus (VLA) on the physicochemical properties and characteristics of the anaerobic thermophilic, two-phase fermentation of OFMSW. Pretreatment in a VLA led to a decrease in the amount of fat, an increase in pH, a slight increase in the amount of protein in dry matter, and a change in the density and dry matter content. OFMSW processing in a VLA for 2 min increased the specific yield of biogas and methane by 11.6 and 15.8%, respectively. Keywords: organic fraction of municipal solid waste, vortex-layer apparatus, pretreatment, biogas, thermophilic process, two-phase anaerobic fermentation DOI: 10.1134/S0003683820060113
INTRODUCTION As the world population increases, the treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) is becoming a more pressing issue. Microbiological treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), which consists mainly of food and paper waste, is a more appealing and environmentally friendly approach than thermochemical conversion or land disposal. Composting is the most frequently used method of MSW processing, not only in Russia but also in other developed countries, such as the United States, Great Britain, France, etc. [1, 2]. However, the major problems encountered with composting are the duration of the process, its effect on climate due to emissions of CO2, methane and odorous volatile organic compounds, and the probable distribution of pathogenic microorganisms. In European countries, more and more attention has been focused on the anaerobic processes of biowaste treatment as they eliminate the aforementioned negative effects of composting and are a source of energy and biofertilizers [3]. Anaerobic digestion in methane tanks is conventionally performed at a high moisture content (a drymatter content of no more than 15%) of the fermented mass and is used to treat liquid waste, such as sewage, livestock, and slaughterhouse waste. For the treatment
of dry and semidry wastes, in particular, OFMSW, solid-state anaerobic digestion at a moisture content of less than 85% is a more promising technique. Soli
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