Simultaneous saccharification and lactic acid fermentation of the cellulosic fraction of municipal solid waste using Bac
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
Simultaneous saccharification and lactic acid fermentation of the cellulosic fraction of municipal solid waste using Bacillus smithii Micaela G. Chaco´n
. Christopher Ibenegbu . David J. Leak
Received: 17 August 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Objective A primary drawback to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes is the incompatibility of the temperature and pH optima for the hydrolysis and fermentation steps—with the former working best at 50–55 °C and pH 4.5–5.5. Here, nine thermophilic Bacillus and Parageobacillus spp. were evaluated for growth and lactic acid fermentation at high temperature and low pH. The most promising candidate was then carried forward to demonstrate SSF using the cellulosic fraction from municipal solid waste (MSW) as a feedstock. Results B. smithii SA8Eth was identified as the most promising candidate and in a batch SSF maintained at 55 °C and pH 5.0, using a cellulase dose of 5 FPU/g glucan, it produced 5.1 g/L lactic acid from 2% (w/v) MSW cellulosic pulp in TSB media. Conclusion This work has both scientific and industrial relevance, as it evaluates a number of previously untrialled bacterial hosts for their compatibility with lignocellulosic SSF for lactic acid production and
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-020-03049-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. G. Chaco´n C. Ibenegbu D. J. Leak (&) Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, England, UK e-mail: [email protected]
successfully identifies B. smithii as a potential candidate for such a process. Keywords Bacillus smithii Lactic acid Municipal solid waste Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
Introduction With growing concern over the environmental and socioeconomic impact of using the carbohydrate derived from edible crops as a substrate for the microbial production of energy and biochemicals, focus has shifted towards the use of lignocellulosic feedstocks. One of the cheapest and most abundantly available forms of lignocellulose is the cellulosic fraction recovered from sorting municipal solid waste (MSW), which is produced in significant quantities worldwide (Jensen et al. 2010). While variable by region, the carbohydrate fraction of this material ranges between 30 and 69%, making it an attractive fermentation feedstock (Lo´pez-Go´mez et al. 2019). Recently, several research groups have demonstrated the use of MSW derived carbohydrates for the production of short chain alcohols and acids (Nwobi et al. 2015; Probst et al. 2015; Farmanbordar et al. 2018; Lo´pez-Go´mez et al. 2019).
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Biotechnol Lett
Lactic acid is a widely used platform chemical in the food, pharmaceutical, chemical, and textile industries, and has recently become an important building block for the production of the bioplastic polylactic acid (PLA) (Aulitto et al. 20
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