Efficiency potential and recent activities of high-efficiency solar cells
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royuki Yamada New Energy Technology Department, New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Kawasaki 212-8554, Japan
Yasuhiro Katsumata Department of Innovation Research, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
Kan-Hua Lee, Kenji Araki, and Nobuaki Kojima Research Center for Smart Energy Technology, Toyota Technological Institute, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan (Received 9 May 2017; accepted 25 July 2017)
The present status of R&D for various types of solar cells is presented by overviewing research and development projects for solar cells in Japan as the PV R&D Project Leader of the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). Developments of high-efficiency solar cells such as 44.4% (under concentration) and 37.9% (under 1-sun) InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cells by Sharp, 26.6% crystalline Si heterojunction back-contact (HBC) solar cells by Kaneka, 22.3% CIGS solar cells by Solar Frontier have been demonstrated under the NEDO PV R&D Project. 15.0% efficiency has also been attained with 1 cm2 perovskite solar cell by NIMS under the JST Project. This article also presents analytical results for efficiency potential of high-efficiency solar cells based on external radiative efficiency (ERE), open-circuit voltage loss and fill factor loss. Crystalline Si solar cells, GaAs, III–V compound 3-junction and 5-junction, CIGSe, and CdTe solar cells have efficiency potential of 28.5%, 29.7%, 42%, 43%, 26.5%, and 26.5% under 1-sun condition, respectively, by improvements in ERE.
I. INTRODUCTION
The solar electricity including solar photovoltaics (PV) is expected to contribute as the main energy with a share of about 20% and 70% in 2050 and 2100, respectively in total energy of the world, according to the recommendation (World Energy Vision 2100) by the German Advisory Council on Global Change.1 The Fukushima nuclear power plant accident occurred in March 2011 has given us very important messages such as unclearness for safety and cost effectiveness of nuclear energy and important of clean renewable energies including PV instead of nuclear energy. These suggest importance of further development of science and technology of PV and international collaboration and cooperation for PV. A R&D program of PV power generation systems in Japan was started as part of a national program called the “Sunshine Project” in 1974 and it continues today. As results of continuous research development of PV since 1974, roof-top program since 1994 and feed-in-tariff program since 2012, cumulative PV system installation Contributing Editor: Sam Zhang a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2017.335
in Japan reached about 42GW in 2016. The cumulative PV system installation by 2030 in Japan is 100GW under the NEDO’s PV2030 Roadmap.2 For this end, further development of science, technology, and deployment of PV is necessary. This article overviews PV R&D projects in Japan a
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