Efficient catalytic reduction of highly toxic aqueous Cr(VI) with Fe@CBC/Pd composites at room temperature
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Efficient catalytic reduction of highly toxic aqueous Cr(VI) with Fe@CBC/Pd composites at room temperature Bo Ma 1,2 & Jianguo Zhu 1 & Bianjing Sun 2 & Chuntao Chen 2 & Dongping Sun 2 Received: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract We report a facile approach to fabricating catalytic active palladium nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on Fe-loaded carbonized bacterial cellulose nanofibers (Fe@CBC) for the catalytic reduction of toxic Cr(VI) to Cr(III) at room temperature. The formed nanofiber composites (Fe@CBC/Pd) was investigated by various physicochemical characterization and its catalytic activity, and reusability were evaluated as well. The results demonstrated that the Fe@CBC/Pd exhibited favorable catalytic activity for the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the presence of HCOOH. Moreover, the catalyst could be easily recovered from reaction system in a facile manner and recycled four times without obvious loss in activity. Keywords Carbonized bacterial cellulose . Fe@CBC/Pd . catalyst . Cr(VI) reduction
Introduction Chromium mainly exists in the forms of hexavalent Cr(VI) and trivalent Cr(III) in aqueous media (Danyang et al. 2019). Cr(VI) is mainly produced through industrial process, such as electrochrome plating, welding, pigments manufacturing, and papers manufacturing, which is regarded as highly toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and has been listed as toxic environmental pollutant by the US Environmental Protection Agency (Chakraborty et al. 2018; Liu et al. 2016; Veerakumar et al. 2017). However, Cr(III) is relatively nontoxic, and a handful of Cr(III) is thought of as an essential nutrient for living organisms. Therefore, the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) is viewed as a good way of removing the toxicity of Cr (VI), which has received considerable interest due to its simple operation, low cost, and apidness. In recent years, excellent activities have been achieved in the catalytic reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) over metal catalysts using formic acid as a reducing agent. For instance, Omole Responsible Editor: Santiago V. Luis * Dongping Sun [email protected] 1
Department of Life Sciences of Lianyungang Teacher’s College, Sheng Hu Lu 28, Lianyungang 222006, China
2
Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, Institute of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, China
et al. used single Pd nanoparticles (NPs) as a catalyst and formic acid as a reducing agent to achieve an efficient reduction of Cr(VI) (Omole et al. 2007; Yang et al. 2010). However, it is a challenging work to separate and recycle these costly Pd NPs in aqueous media. Currently, various supporting materials such as mesoporous γ-Al2O3 film (Dandapat et al. 2011), garlic skin-derived activated carbons (Veerakumar et al. 2017), and SiO2 (Celebi et al. 2016) have been developed to immobilize Pd NPs and the extraordinary activities have been achieved in the catalytic reduction of Cr(VI). Among the known supports
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