Efficient Collection and Representation of Preverbal Data in Typical and Atypical Development
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Efficient Collection and Representation of Preverbal Data in Typical and Atypical Development Florian B. Pokorny1,2 · Katrin D. Bartl‑Pokorny1 · Dajie Zhang1,3,4 · Peter B. Marschik1,3,4,5 · Dagmar Schuller6 · Björn W. Schuller6,7,8
© The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Human preverbal development refers to the period of steadily increasing vocal capacities until the emergence of a child’s first meaningful words. Over the last decades, research has intensively focused on preverbal behavior in typical development. Preverbal vocal patterns have been phonetically classified and acoustically characterized. More recently, specific preverbal phenomena were discussed to play a role as early indicators of atypical development. Recent advancements in audio signal processing and machine learning have allowed for novel approaches in preverbal behavior analysis including automatic vocalization-based differentiation of typically and atypically developing individuals. In this paper, we give a methodological overview of current strategies for collecting and acoustically representing preverbal data for intelligent audio analysis paradigms. Efficiency in the context of data collection and data representation is discussed. Following current research trends, we set a special focus on challenges that arise when dealing with preverbal data of individuals with late detected developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder or Rett syndrome. Keywords Preverbal development · Data collection · Data representation · Infancy · Developmental disorders · Intelligent audio analysis
Introduction Of all significant changes during infancy, the acquisition of verbal abilities is one of the most striking phenomena for parents, clinicians, and researchers. Several vocal transformations take place between a newborn’s first cry and the production of first meaningful words, usually around the end of the first year of life (e.g., Nathani et al. 2006; Oller 1980, 2000; Papoušek 1994; Stark 1980, 1981; Stark et al. 1993). Vocal patterns with salient characteristics emerging in this preverbal period are—amongst others—cooing around the third month post-term age (Nathani et al. 2006; Oller 1980; Stark 1980) and canonical babbling * Florian B. Pokorny [email protected] * Björn W. Schuller [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior
around the eighth month post-term age (Nathani et al. 2006; Oller 1980; Papoušek 1994; Stark 1980). Preverbal development is related to fundamental processes of infant brain development (e.g., Dehaene-Lambertz 2017) in combination with anatomical and voicephysiological changes (e.g., Holzki et al. 2018). For almost 40 years, typical preverbal development has been intensively studied (e.g., Locke 1995; Oller 1980, 2000; Stark 1981; Stark et al. 1993). Besides seeking for appropriate schemes to phonetically categorize preverbal behavior (e.g., Nathani et al. 2006; Oller 1980; Papoušek 1994; Stark 1980, 1981),
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