Efficient, fast response, and low cost sensor for NH 3 gas molecules based on SnO 2 : CuO/macroPSi nanocomposites
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Efficient, fast response, and low cost sensor for NH3 gas molecules based on SnO2: CuO/macroPSi nanocomposites Husam R. Abed1 · Ali A. Yousif2 · Alwan M. Alwan3 · Nadir F. Habubi2 Received: 23 June 2020 / Accepted: 23 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the present study, a procedure of the inserting of S nO2:CuO nanoparticles with different CuO nanoparticles contents within a macroporous silicon layer (macroPSi) gas sensor was prepared and successfully investigated. The macroPSi was effectively fabricated by laser assisted etching process, and CuO nanoparticles loaded with S nO2 with a high value of surface area were successfully synthesized by the spray pyrolysis method. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) manifested a novel morphology for CuO Bucky particles inside the pores and a nano nail like structure for S nO2 with a small average grain size of CuO Bucky particles with 30% content. This morphology of nanocomposites improved the sensing performance for N H3 gas. A higher sensitivity with a very swift response and recovery times of 4 s and 55 s, respectively, was obtained with 150 ppm of NH3 gas at the room temperature. This improvement in gas sensor performance is strongly related to the higher specific surface areas and smaller particle size with a higher surface roughness of SnO2 and CuO nanoparticles within the nanocomposites. Keywords Porous silicon · NH3 sensor · SnO2:CuO · Bucky particles · Spray pyrolysis
1 Introduction Being the main source of contamination, ammonia gas (NH3) is normally emitted as of organic decomposition, motor vehicles and manufacturing wastes [1]. Nevertheless, NH3 is a harmful matter and could cause swelling for skin, and damaging for eye and lung. Thus, an N H3 sensor with a great response that requires selectivity, high stability and a low detection threshold is important and immediately desirable. To understand this, researchers have completed many of the works and elaborated a diversity of sensitive materials [2–8]. Conversely, most of them are essential to be worked at the elevated temperatures owing to their low electrical conductivity at the room temperature (RT), which * Nadir F. Habubi [email protected] 1
The General Directorate for Education in the Province of Baghdad ‑ Rusafa / 2, Ministry of Education, Baghdad, Iraq
2
College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
3
Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
is uncomplimentary for power saving, sensor assimilation and thermal stability [9]. So, it is essential to improve an inexpensive, sensitive, fast and dependable ammonia gas sensor, which is still a confrontation for the familiar materials for gas sensing. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) was established, presented the cost effectiveness and improved the sensing performance as a profound sample in the species of a continuous layer or cluster landmasses [10–14]. For exampl
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