Electrical conductivity and dielectric analysis of Ba 0.9 Ag 0.1 TiO 3 compound
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Electrical conductivity and dielectric analysis of Ba0.9Ag0.1TiO3 compound I. Ksentini1 · M. Ben Abdessalem2 · W. Cheikhrouhou‑Koubaa1 · M. Koubaa1,3 · A. Cheikhrouhou1 Received: 12 June 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this research paper, our central focus is upon investigating structural and electrical properties of polycrystalline Ba0.9Ag0.1TiO3 powder which was fabricated through standard solid-state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction analysis at room temperature confirmed that the component crystallizes in both tetragonal and orthorhombic structures. The electrical response was explored by complex impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range of 540 K–620 K and frequency from 67. 5 Hz to 1 MHz. The findings demonstrated that the variation of the imaginary part of impedance (Z’’) as a function of the real one (Z’) at various temperatures presented semicircle arcs. An electrical similar circuit was set forward to interpret the impedance data. The results obtained from the temperature dependence of the exponent s suggest that the transport process of the charge carriers in the compound Ba0.9Ag0.1TiO3 follows the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. Keywords Structural · Polycrystalline · Impedance spectroscopy
1 Introduction BaTiO3 (BT) barium titanate stands for the most frequently investigated material among ferroelectric compounds. BT is a very interesting as well as promising compound. From a theoretical standpoint, it exhibits a simple perovskite structure that facilitates multiple calculations and theoretical interpretations. On the other hand, from a practical view, it is a chemically and mechanically stable compound which presents ferroelectric, pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties in a temperature range including ambient temperature [1, 2]. These electrical properties have drawn the attention of many scientists and whetted the interest of industrialists owing to their significant investment in such industrial manufacturing as capacitors, sensor actuators and memories [3]. BT has an interesting position among the perovskite oxides, notably on their crystallographic structure. It undergoes three phase * I. Ksentini [email protected] 1
LT2S Lab, Digital Research Center of Sfax, Sfax Technopark, 3021 Sfax, Tunisie
2
Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Applications (LaMMA), LR16ES18, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, B. P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
3
ISBS, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
transitions [4, 5]. Indeed, BaTiO3 presents around 183 K a phase transition from a rhombohedral structure (R3m) to an orthorhombic structure (Amm2). Towards 278 K, there is a transition from the orthorhombic system to the tetragonal one (P4mm). Finally, at 393 K a transition from the tetragonal structure to the cubic one (Pm3m) is reported. Gao et al. [6], Tian et al. [7] and Ehmke et al. [8] revealed that designing Morphotropic Phase Boundary (MPB) or Polymorphic Phase Transition (PPT) at room temp
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