Rietveld refinement, optical, dielectric and ac conductivity studies of Ba-doped SrSnO 3
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Rietveld refinement, optical, dielectric and ac conductivity studies of Ba-doped SrSnO3 Aditya Kumar1 · Bushra Khan1 · Varsha Yadav2 · Ambesh Dixit3 · Upendra Kumar2 · Manoj K Singh1 Received: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The samples SrSnO3 (SBS0) and S r0.98Ba0.02SnO3 (SBS2) were synthesized using sol–gel route, followed by calcination at 1073 K. Rietveld refinement analysis of XRD data shows orthorhombic phase under Pbnm space group. Lattice parameters, volume and density of the doped sample were found to be higher than undoped, due to higher ionic radii of Ba2+. Further, the Raman spectrum of samples was carried out to study the local structure. Optical properties of samples show intense absorption in UV range and transparent in visible to NIR region. The direct bandgap of samples was found to be 3.88 eV and 3.97 eV for SBS0 and SBS2, respectively, reflecting the semiconducting nature of a sample. Dielectric properties of the sample were explained in terms of interfacial and orientational polarization. Temperature-dependent conductivity analysis of the sample reflected an Arrhenius-type charge transport, with two conduction regions in SBS2 and single conduction in SBS0. In the present case, the activation energy value represents a mixed ionic and electronic conductivity of the sample, making it a promising candidate for mixed ionic and electronic conductor device application.
1 Introduction The oxide group consists of two or more cations with a formula ABO3, with two separate cations A and B [1]. The alkaline earth-based stannates attract the attention of researcher among the numerous studied perovskite oxides due to their excellent physical and chemical stability [2]. Alkaline earth stannates (MSnO3, where M is Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+) belong to a different class of materials due to their excellent structural, optical, dielectric and photovoltaic properties in electronic device miniaturization [3–5]. These stannate’s properties have been modified by doping of alkali, transition and post-transition metals either at A-site, B-site or both sites at the same time. Due to substitution of various
* Upendra Kumar [email protected] * Manoj K Singh [email protected] 1
Centre of Material Sciences, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
2
Department of Physics, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
3
Department of Physics and Center for Solar Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
cationic sizes, different perovskite structures can be established based on the value of tolerance factor [6];
R + RO t= √ A 2(RB + RO )
where RA , RB , and RO are the ionic radii of A, B cation and O anion, respectively. Alkaline earth stannates are classified as the ferro-electrical oxides used to manufacture electronic components of various electronic devices, such as capacitors, thermistors and transducers, due to lower thermal coefficient of capacitance [3, 7, 8]. BaTiO
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