Electrochemical noise analysis of a PEM fuel cell stack under long-time operation: noise signature in the frequency doma
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Electrochemical noise analysis of a PEM fuel cell stack under long-time operation: noise signature in the frequency domain S. Martemianov 1
&
A. Thomas 1 & N. Adiutantov 2 & E. Denisov 2 & Yu Evdokimov 2 & D. Hissel 3
Received: 20 May 2020 / Revised: 7 July 2020 / Accepted: 7 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Electrochemical noise (EN) generated by a PEM fuel cell stack (600 W, 8 cells with surface area 220 cm2) has been measured in well-controlled operational conditions following DOE recommendations for 100 h. For the first time, robust and stable statistical noise descriptors of a PEM fuel cell stack have been obtained based on PSD (power spectral density) spectra in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz < f < 103 Hz. The reference noise signature of the stack involves white noise at the low-frequency range (f < 0.1 Hz), two fractional noises (1/fα) with different slopes, and a pronounced peak at the characteristic frequency f = 1.6 Hz. In the intermediate frequency range (0.1 Hz < f < 1 Hz), the slope α1 = 1.49 and in the high-frequency range (f > 10 Hz), the slop α2 = 3.23. Qualitative interpretations of the obtained noise signature have been proposed. The influence of interruption of stack operation on noise signature has been studied. It was shown that, just after a few hours, other peaks are visible in noise signature at f = 0.004 Hz and f = 0.06 Hz. These peaks disappear after about 20 h; this time can be considered as a characteristic time of relaxation of the slowest processes. It can be also noted that during stack relaxation, the slope in the intermediate frequency range increases and the slope at the high-frequency domain remains constant. It seems that fractional noise at high-frequency range reflects charge transfer processes in catalytic layers with smaller time constants. On the other hand, low and intermediate frequency ranges are related to mass transport and water management processes with higher time constants. Keywords Electrochemical noise . Statistical descriptors . PEM fuel cell stack . Relaxation processes . Aging experiments
Introduction In a world where the energy demand increases irremediably, where the forthcoming shortage of fossil fuels is in front of us and the pollution issues related to them are discernible, the science and industry are strongly motivated to explore alternatives. In the area of hydrogen technology, fuel cell systems have emerged as a sustainable alternative for decentralized electricity production, with high-energy efficiency and low/ This paper is dedicated to the 65th birthday of Professor Fritz Scholz. * S. Martemianov [email protected] 1
Institut Pprime UPR CNRS 3346, University of Poitiers and ENSMA, Poitiers, France
2
Kazan National Research Technical University named A. N. Tupolev – KAI, Kazan, Russia
3
FEMTO-ST, FCLAB, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, CNRS, Belfort, France
zero green gas emissions [1–3]. Hydrogen is not a primary energy source but a vector. To be clean, fuel
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