Electrochemical Treatment of Cattle Wastewater Samples
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Electrochemical Treatment of Cattle Wastewater Samples Marinos Stylianou1,2 · Etienne Montel1,2 · Konstantinos Dermentzis3 · Agapios Agapiou1 Received: 29 November 2019 / Accepted: 30 March 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Cattle wastewater (CWW) is considered an important source of contamination in the livestock sector. Therefore, electrocoagulation (EC) using Aluminium electrodes and electrooxidation (EO) through Boron Doped Diamond (BDD) electrodes processes, were applied to the liquid fraction of cattle waste (CW) to decrease the levels of certain pollutants such as nitrogen (N-NO3, T-N), phosphates (P-PO4) and organic content (Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD), in order to eliminate their environmental impacts to soil, groundwater and atmosphere. The respective electrochemical methods, were compared with chemical coagulation process by using Al2(SO4)3 and FeCl3 as a coagulant. CWW samples were derived from three cattle farms. As experimentally was revealed, the main parameters strongly affecting the experimental procedure were the solid density of the sample and the high concentration of pollutants. Other operating parameters such as current density, electroprocessing time, dilution ratio and agitation speed were studied and optimised. Results showed an optimal removal efficiency after using the combined EC-EO processes at current density of 200A/m2, agitation at 300 rpm, duration time of 2 h for both processes at room temperature, with a 1:5 dilution ratio. The results also showed that P-PO4 were fully removed, COD up to 70%, N-NO3 at 80% and T-N close to 20%. The combined use of EC and EO improved the quality of CWW in regard to P-PO4, COD, N-NO3 and T-N content. Nevertheless, further experiments are needed in order to verify the respective results in a pilot scale. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Cattle waste · Electrocoagulation · Electrooxidation · Pollutants · Spectroscopy Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Statement of Novelty The present research is focused on the employment of electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) processes for the treatment of cattle wastewater (CWW), which is considered a critical source of environmental contamination. EO and EC processes were applied to the liquid fraction of cattle waste (CW) in order to decrease the nitrogen, phosphorus and organic content of the waste, eliminating their respective environmental impacts. According to our knowledge, this is the first time that these electrochemical methods are directly applied in CWW, a relatively difficult liquid sample with high solid content and variable organic existing compounds. Global warming and climate change are expected to affect the livestock sector of the eastern Mediterranean countries (e.g. Cyprus) and therefore prevention management of CWW is necessary.
Introduction Nowadays, livestock is considered an emerging agronomic sector leading to high quantities of manure. The production of large volumes of liquid waste and manur
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