Electron-Beam Melting and Reuse of Metallic Materials
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NICAL INFORMATION UDC 621.791.72
ELECTRON-BEAM MELTING AND REUSE OF METALLIC MATERIALS K. Vutova1, 2 and V. Vassileva1 Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 50 – 53, May, 2020. We study the processes and mechanisms of electron-beam melting (EBM) used in the production of high-purity metals. We formulate the requirements that should be imposed on the EBM parameters for the production of high-quality materials and proposed some optimal modes.
Key words: electron-beam melting, metal scrap, copper, hafnium, zirconium. the surfaced of ceramic crucible used in the ordinary metallurgy. As an additional advantage of EBM, we can mention the absence of special requirements to charge (source) materials. The indicated characteristics, in combination with the possibility of long-term holding of melted metal in the overheated state make the EBM procedure convenient for applications in various metallurgical processes: (1 ) in the final stage of production of high-purity metals (Cu, Ti, Mo, etc.) from the concentrates obtained after thermal reduction; (2 ) for the reprocessing of wastes containing valuable metals (Ta, Hf, Zr, etc.), which were oxidized or contaminated by admixtures in the previous stages of production or in the process of operation [12, 16]. The EBM method gives no wastes and is environmentally safe. It enables one to produce metals and alloys from the natural ores and anthropogenic wastes in the case of deficiency of natural raw materials. The global stocks of various valuable metals are continuously exhausted. At the same time, significant amounts of wastes containing these metals are accumulated. The process of production of each metal is unique. It is especially important to be able to selectively remove admixtures from the raw (source) materials. Therefore, it is necessary to develop special technological conditions for different source materials. The aim of the present work is to determine the parameters of EBM promoting the removal of admixtures in the process of refinement of various chemically active and nonferrous metals and in the course of reprocessing of the scrap of Cu, Hf, and Zr and to perform the analysis of the results of application of the EBM method.
INTRODUCTION The electron-beam method of refinement is used in the vacuum metallurgy since the last decades of the last century. Due to the development of the electron-beam technology and the corresponding efficient equipment aimed at the electron-beam melting (EBM) and refinement, this method turned into one of the main methods used for the production of charge materials in industrially developed countries. The results of studies in this important branch of industry are presented in numerous works [1 – 9]. The methods of EBM and refinement were created as the sole possible procedures that can be used for the processing of refractory and chemically active metals, such as Mo, W, Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, V, Pt, and their alloys. At present, they are extensively used in the production of various high-purity metals a
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