Electronic Personhood: A Tertium Genus for Smart Autonomous Surgical Robots?
Back in 2016, the Committee on Legal Affairs of the European Parliament published a pioneering initiative, the Draft Report with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics (the “Resolution”, or the “EP proposed rules”). The EP propos
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Current State of the Art of Surgical Robots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Origins of the Debate: The EP Proposed Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Should Autonomous Robots Be Granted Personhood? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Preliminary Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Electronic Personality as a Liability Facilitator? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1 The Agency Solution: The Robot (E-Person) as a Representative of Its Owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.2 Electronic Personhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 On a Possible Alternative Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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The author is a member of a consolidated regional Research Group in Private Law (“Grup de Recerca en Dret Patrimonial”, 2017 SGR 1636) funded by the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants, dependent of the Catalan Government (AGAUR—Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca), and directed by Prof. Dr. Josep Ferrer Riba (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona). PhD researcher and teaching assistant at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona). The author holds a grant for the recruitment of early-stage research staff (FI 2019) awarded by the AGAUR under an open and competitive process and co-funded by the European Social Fund’s Operative Program of Catalonia 2014-2020 CCI 2014ES05SFOP007.This article is included within the research program of the Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación orientada a los Retos de la sociedad “Responsabilidad civil y mercado. La compensación del daño económico’, whose director is Prof. Dr. Carlos Ignacio Gómez Ligüerre, funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the FEDER (DER2017-82673-R). I want to thank Prof. Dr. Sonia Ramos González and Prof. Dr. Lela Mélon (Private Law Area. Universitat Pompeu Fabra) for the time devoted to discussing this issue with me. And to Prof. Dr. Martin Ebers and Prof. Dr. Marta
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