Electrophysiological and behavioral responses Dendroctonus frontalis and D. terebrans (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to res
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CHEMOECOLOGY
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Electrophysiological and behavioral responses Dendroctonus frontalis and D. terebrans (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to resin odors of host pines (Pinus spp.) Holly L. Munro1 · Kamal J. K. Gandhi1 · Brittany F. Barnes1 · Cristian R. Montes1 · John T. Nowak3 · William P. Shepherd2 · Caterina Villari1 · Brian T. Sullivan2 Received: 20 November 2019 / Accepted: 9 May 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) and black turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus terebrans Olivier) are two sympatric bark beetle pests of the southeastern United States of America that adversely affect pine (Pinus spp.) health. Successful host tree colonization and reproduction is dependent on a chemical communication system that includes compounds produced by both the beetles and their host trees. To better understand the role of host volatiles in the ecology of these species, we (1) used coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) to analyze olfactory sensitivity of D. frontalis and D. terebrans to volatile constituents of host resin, and (2) investigated olfactory stimulants for behavioral effects on both pest species and a major predator, Thanasimus dubius Fabricius (Coleoptera: Cleridae) in field trapping studies. In GC-EAD analyses of the headspace of fresh host resin, antenna of both D. frontalis and D. terebrans produced strongest responses to alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, myrcene, and 4-allylanisole. Field tests indicated that alphapinene, beta-pinene, and 4-allylanisole significantly enhanced attraction of D. frontalis, D. terebrans, and T. dubius to traps baited with attractive pheromone components of both bark beetle species, and myrcene diminished this response for D. frontalis. The observed attractive synergism of 4-allylanisole contrasts with previously reported repellency of this compound for D. frontalis and instead suggests this semiochemical may have multiple ecological roles for this species. Lures used for monitoring D. frontalis may be enhanced in sensitivity by adjusting the composition of their host odor components. Keywords Bark beetles · Cleridae · Monoterpenes · Pinus · Semiochemicals
Introduction The genus Dendroctonus is a group of economically and ecologically important bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) characterized by a life-history spent primarily in the phloem and cambium of host pines, where they excavate Handling Editor: Marko Rohlfs. * Holly L. Munro [email protected] 1
D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 East Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
2
USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360, USA
3
USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, 200 W.T. Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804, USA
feeding and reproductive galleries (Six and Bracewell 2015). Colonization can result in tree death due to the mining activity of the beetle (which causes girdling of the phloem) and possibly also t
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