Electrosynthesis of Ti 3 AlC 2 -Derived Porous Carbon in Molten Salt
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04335-w Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
ELECTROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING
Electrosynthesis of Ti3AlC2-Derived Porous Carbon in Molten Salt ZHONGYA PANG ,1 XINGLI ZOU,1,5 WEI TANG,1 TIANYU SHI,1 SHUJUAN WANG,1 LI JI,2 HSIEN-YI HSU,3,4 QIAN XU,1 and XIONGGANG LU1,6 1.—State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99# Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China. 2.—State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 825# Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 200433, China. 3.—School of Energy and Environment & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. 4.—Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China. 5.—e-mail: [email protected]. 6.—e-mail: [email protected]
Carbide-derived carbon (CDC) as an unconventional porous carbon material has been widely used for various applications. In this work, Ti3AlC2-derived porous carbon (Ti3AlC2-CDC) was electrochemically synthesized at 900°C and 3.0 V in molten CaCl2-NaCl. The obtained Ti3AlC2-CDC with abundant slitlike mesopores showed a high specific surface area of 425 m2/g. The variation of the morphology from the Ti3AlC2 precursor to Ti3AlC2-CDC was investigated, with the Ti3AlC2-CDC demonstrating a typical loose layered morphology and amorphous carbon structure. The intermediate products were also systematically analyzed to investigate the molten salt electrochemical etching process. It was found that Ti3AlC2 can be oxidized by residual O2 in the molten salt to form tiny Al2O3 particles on the anodic Ti3AlC2 surface during the etching process, then Ti3AlC2-CDC can be obtained by successively removing these Al2O3, Al, and Ti from the Ti3AlC2 precursor.
INTRODUCTION The advancement of technology has greatly facilitated the investigation and development of carbon materials.1,2 Porous carbon offers many unique advantages, such as tunable structure, excellent conductivity, relatively low cost, chemical stability, etc.3,4 Accordingly, porous carbon has been considered to be a promising material for use in numerous applications such as gas/energy storage, metallurgical processing, as a catalyst carrier, in contaminated water and waste purification, etc.1,4–7 To satisfy these different applications, various preparation strategies including the combined carbonization–activation method, template method, direct pyrolysis method, electrochemical method, etc. have
(Received March 1, 2020; accepted August 17, 2020)
been proposed and adapted to synthesize porous carbon with different microstructures and functional properties.5–7 Carbide-derived carbon (CDC) demonstrates great advantages in terms of the design and adjustment of its pore structure, morphology, and specific surface area due to its unique preparation process in which non-carbon atoms are removed from a carbide lattice to generate porous ca
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