Elemental, Optical, and Electrochemical Study of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite-Based Hole Transport Layer-Free Photodiode
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HYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
Elemental, Optical, and Electrochemical Study of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite-Based Hole Transport Layer-Free Photodiode J. Chaudharya, S. Choudharya, B. Agrawalb, and A. S. Vermaa,* a
Department of Physics, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022 India b Department of Chemistry, BSA College, Mathura, 281004 India *e-mail: [email protected] Received April 6, 2020; revised April 15, 2020; accepted April 16, 2020
Abstract—In the present work, we have fabricated and characterized in the development of methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite-based hole transport layer (HTL)-free photodiode with configuration (FTO|CH3NH3PbI3|PC60BM{[6,6]-phenyl-C60-butyric acid methyl ester}|Al. The one-step spin coating technique has been used for the deposition of the precursor solution including methylammonium iodide and lead iodide with molar ratio 3:1 to prepare the perovskite thin films onto FTO-substrate. The elemental study has been done by EDX spectroscopy. Furthermore, surface morphology of CH3NH3PbI3 thin film has been characterized with the importance of photovoltaic parameters such as charge carrier mobility, saturation current, and barrier height, by I(V) measurements. The expected rectification and photo response behavior has been analyzed from energy level diagram of the materials. The device demonstrates good photo response and exhibits saturation current in the value of 4.5 × 10–4 mA and mobility of 5.27 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively. Moreover, the charge carrier lifetime has been calculated of 7.81 × 10–4 s by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Keywords: hybrid perovskites, spin-coating, charge carrier mobility, XRD with lattice parameters, resistance, capacitance, lifetime, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy DOI: 10.1134/S1063782620090055
1. INTRODUCTION The rapid rise of the energy consumption throughout the globe has pushed the renewable energy industry, especially solar photovoltaic, to explore better technologies to sustain the electricity supply [1]. Hybrid halide perovskites are bringing us closer to the goal of energy self-sufficient buildings [2]. In recent years, these perovskites have received huge interest in the application of optoelectronic devices. These perovskite solar cells are noteworthy to accomplish, with huge potential in the efforts for solar energy harvesting [3–5]. Silicon is employed as first material to manufacture solar cells (conventional photovoltaics); but its disadvantage is being very expensive [6, 7], so that to overcome this problem, the most promising new technology (perovskite solar cells) in academia and industry has appeared as a highly competitive candidate to replace silicon solar cells and other commercial alternatives [8]. That helps to basically low-cost fabrication methods [9, 10], long diffusion length, high chargecarrier mobility [11, 12], and engineered energy band [13]; flexible and lightweight devices are some of the attractive features [14]. The solar technology based on CH3NH3PbX3 (methylammonium lead hal
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