Elements of Adaptive Testing
The arrival of the computer in educational and psychological testing has led to the current popularity of adaptive testing---a testing format in which the computer uses statistical information about the test items to automatically adapt their selection to
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Wim J. van der Linden Cees A.W. Glas
Elements of Adaptive Testing
Statistics for Social and Behavioral Sciences Advisors: S.E. Fienberg W.J. van der Linden
For other titles published in this series, go to http://www.springer.com/3463
Wim J. van der Linden
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Cees A.W. Glas (Eds.)
Elements of Adaptive Testing
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Wim J. van der Linden CTB/McGraw-Hill 20 Ryan Ranch Road Monterey, CA 93940 USA wim [email protected]
Series Editors Stephen Fienberg Department of Statistics Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890 USA
Cees A.W. Glas Twente University Fac. Behavioural Sciences Dept. Research Methodology 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands [email protected]
Wim J. van der Linden CTB/McGraw-Hill 20 Ryan Ranch Road Monterey, CA 93940 USA
ISBN 978-0-387-85459-5 e-ISBN 978-0-387-85461-8 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-85461-8 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010921197 c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
For a long time, educational testing has focused mainly on paper-and-pencil tests and performance assessments. Since the late 1980s, when the rapid dissemination of personal computers in education began, these testing formats have been extended to formats suitable for delivery by computer. Such delivery of tests has several advantages. For example, it offers the possibility of testing on demand, that is, whenever and wherever an examinee is ready to take the test. Also, both the power of modern PCs and their ability to integrate multiple media can be used to create innovative item formats and more realistic testing environments. Furthermore, computers can be used to increase the statistical accuracy of test scores using computerized adaptive testing (CAT). Instead of giving each examinee the same fixed test, in adaptive testing after each new response the individual examinee’s ability estimate is updated and the subsequent item is selected to have optimal properties at the new estimate. The idea of adaptive item selection is certainly not new. In the Binet–Simon (1905) intelligence test, the items were classified according to mental age, and the classification was used to adapt the selection of the items to an estimate of the ment
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