Elements of Probability and Statistics An Introduction to Probabilit

This book provides an introduction to elementary probability and to Bayesian statistics using de Finetti's subjectivist approach. One of the features of this approach is that it does not require the introduction of sample space –&

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NITEXT

Francesca Biagini Massimo Campanino

UNITEXT - La Matematica per il 3+2 Volume 98

Editor-in-chief A. Quarteroni Series editors L. Ambrosio P. Biscari C. Ciliberto M. Ledoux W.J. Runggaldier

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5418

Francesca Biagini Massimo Campanino •

Elements of Probability and Statistics An Introduction to Probability with de Finetti’s Approach and to Bayesian Statistics

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Francesca Biagini Department of Mathematics Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich Germany

Massimo Campanino Department of Mathematics Università di Bologna Bologna Italy

ISSN 2038-5722 ISSN 2038-5757 (electronic) UNITEXT - La Matematica per il 3+2 ISBN 978-3-319-07253-1 ISBN 978-3-319-07254-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-07254-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015958841 Translation from the Italian language edition: Elementi di Probabilità e Statistica di Francesca Biagini e Massimo Campanino, © Springer-Verlag Italia, Milano 2006. All rights reserved. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover design: Simona Colombo, Giochi di Grafica, Milano, Italy Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by SpringerNature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland

Nous ne possédons une ligne, un surface, un volume que si notre amour l’occupe. M. Proust

To Thilo and Oskar Francesca Biagini To my brother Vittorio Massimo Campanino

Preface

This book is based on the lectures notes for the course, Probability and Mathematical Statistics, taught for many years by one of the authors (M.C.) and then, divided into two sections, by both authors at the University of Bologna (Italy). We follow the approach of de Finetti, see de Finetti [1] for a complete detailed exposition. Although de Finetti [1] was conceived as a textbook of probability for mathematics students, it was also meant to illustrate the point of view of the author on the f