Elucidation and genetic intervention of CO 2 concentration mechanism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for increased plant pr
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Review Elucidation and genetic intervention of CO2 concentration mechanism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for increased plant primary productivity KOKKANTI MALLIKARJUNA1*, KELAM NARENDRA1, RAGIREDDYPALEM RAGALATHA1 and BASUTHKAR J RAO2 1
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522510, India 2
Indian Institute for Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India *Corresponding author (Email, [email protected], [email protected])
The rising global population is forcing the need for adapting alternative sustainable technologies for enhanced crop productivity. The CO2 Concentration Mechanisms (CCMs) evolved in algae to counter the inefficient CO2 fixing enzyme, RuBisCo and slower diffusion of CO2 in water offers good scope for the above purpose. The CCMs are single-celled CO2 supply mechanisms that depend on multiple CO2/HCO3 transporters and acclimation states and accumulate 100-fold more CO2 than low CO2 environments. Although some insights have been obtained regarding the CCMs of blue-green algae and green algae like Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, further progress needs to take place to understand the molecular and biochemical basis for intracellular transport of CO2. In this review, complete information pertaining to the core CCM is presented and discussed in light of the available literature. In addition to this, information on CO2/HCO3 sensing, photo-acclimation in low CO2, liquid-like nature of pyrenoid, untapped potential of high CO2 responses and high CO2 requiring mutants, and prospects of engineering CCM components into higher plants are presented and discussed. Keywords.
Chlamydomonas; CO2; concentration mechanism (CCM); ruBisCo; pyrenoid; plant productivity
1. Introduction The global population is increasing at an alarming rate while agriculture production is not, due to several constraints like decreasing farmland, diseases, drought and dehydration, and changing agro-climatic conditions (Long et al. 2015; Ort et al. 2015). There are also innate limitations within the plants for increased plant productivity due to inefficient carboxylation enzyme, RuBisCo and less radiation conversion efficiency than theoretical maxima. The above limitations cannot be overcome by classical breeding technologies and
This article is part of the Topical Collection: Genetic Intervention in Plants: Mechanisms and Benefits. http://www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci
increasing arable land, but can be increased by employing sustainable green technologies, genetic engineering, changing canopy architecture, increasing RuBisCo carboxylation efficiency and exploration of CO2 Concentration Mechanisms (CCM) of microalgae (Wang et al. 2015; Mackinder 2017; Rae et al. 2017; Hennacy and Jonikas 2020). 1.1 Constraints for evolution and adaptation of CCM CO2 as a substrate undergoes reduction in photosynthetic reactions supplying food and energy demands of the entire biosphere. Any c
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