Emergence of plasmid-mediated mcr genes from Gram-negative bacteria at the human-animal interface
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Gut Pathogens Open Access
RESEARCH
Emergence of plasmid‑mediated mcr genes from Gram‑negative bacteria at the human‑animal interface Humera Javed1,2 , Sidrah Saleem1, Aizza Zafar2, Aamir Ghafoor3, Ahmad Bin Shahzad3, Hasan Ejaz4 , Kashaf Junaid4 and Shah Jahan5*
Abstract Background: The global emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (Col-R) conferred by mcr genes in gramnegative rods (GNRs) has jeopardized the last treatment option for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in humans. This study aimed to assess the emergence of mcr gene-mediated Col-R in GNRs isolated from humans and animals in Pakistan. Methods: Animal and clinical specimens collected from various sources were prospectively analysed using standard microbiological procedures. Pathogens were identified using the API 20E and API 20NE systems (bioMerieux). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against colistin was determined using the MIC detection methods, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes. Results: We isolated 126 (88.1%) animal and 17 (11.9%) human Col-R phenotypes, among which there was a significant association (P
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