Empathy and Counseling Explorations in Theory and Research
Contemporary society is in constant change. Transitions and crises occur in every life, regardless of status, ethnicity, sex, race, education, or religion. Yet, the traditional societal forms for helping with these transitions and crises are changing as w
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Gerald A Gladstein and Associates
Empathy and Counseling Explorations in Theory and Research With Contributions by John Brennan, JoAnn Feldstein, Gerald A Gladstein, Mary Anna Ham, Jeanette Kreiser, Susan MacKrell
With 17 Figures
Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo
GERALD A GLADSTEIN AND AsSOCIATES Center for Counseling. Family, and Worklife Studies Graduate School of Education and Human Development University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627, U.S.A
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Gladstein, Gerald A, 1927Empathy and counseling. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Counseling. 2. Empathy. I. Title. 158'.3 86-10168 BF637.C6G541986 © 1987 by Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1987 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, U.S.A The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Typeset by Ampersand Publisher Services, Inc., Rutland, Vermont.
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ISBN 978-1-4615-9660-8 ISBN 978-1-4615-9658-5 (eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-1-4615-9658-5
This book is lovingly dedicated to my wife Barbara, my children Richard, Deborah, Rose, and Laura, my mother Bella, and in memory of my father Samuel.
Preface
Contemporary society is in constant change. Transitions and crises occur in every life, regardless of status, ethnicity, sex, race, education, or religion. Yet, the traditional societal forms for helping with these transitions and crises are changing as well. The typical nuclear family has given way to single-parent, blended, or dual-career structures. Religious, health, educational, social service, philanthropic, and other organizational support systems have also changed from their pre-1950 counterparts. As these sometimes evolutionary, sometimes revolutionary, changes have occurred, considerable scholarship and empirical research has attempted to identify and develop methods of helping people encounter these transitions and crises. These efforts have come from various fields: psychology, sociology, anthropology, linguistics, law, social work, nursing, medicine, education, labor relations, and others. Each has brought its own theories, research methods, and practical experiences to bear on the problems. One of the methods that these fields have universally been intrigued with is the use of empathy. Empathy, that crucial but elusive phenomenon (so the literature has reported), has been identified as important in human interactions. Labor mediators, legal arbitrators, psychiatric psychoanalysts, encounter group facilitators, classroom instructors, and kindred helpers have been told that "understanding how the other person or group is thinking and feeling"
