Empirical study on spatial and temporal features for vehicular wireless communications
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Empirical study on spatial and temporal features for vehicular wireless communications Yingwen Chen1* , Ming Xu1 , Yu Gu2 , Pei Li3 , Lei Shi1 and Xiaoqiang Xiao1
Abstract Static topology analysis is not sufficient for the dynamic vehicular ad hoc network. Understanding the evolving topology of vehicular ad hoc networkings (VANETs) caused by vehicle mobility is very important for routing protocol design and algorithm optimization. This paper explores the spatial and temporal features of vehicular network topologies based on two real taxi-trace datasets. The analysis results reveal that the whole topology of VANETs consists of a large number of small-sized connected components. Two quantitative metrics are proposed to measure the stability and location dependency of the connected components. When the communication range is greater than a threshold, a large proportion of vehicles will connect to the biggest connected component, which is relatively stable and covers the most part of the downtown region of the city. Based on the analytical results, we propose several design philosophies and new research issues for VANETs. Keywords: Wireless communications; Spatial temporal analysis; Connected component; VANETs
1 Introduction Vehicular ad hoc networking (VANET) is one kind of new technology supposed to provide innovative services for intelligent transportation systems. Equipped with dedicated short-range communications radios, vehicles can not only exchange messages directly with vicinity nodes but also communicate with other nodes through a number of intermediate nodes if all of them are connected. Since the nodes have the capability of communicating with each other, VANETs can provide a number of potential applications with highly diverse requirements. The three major classes of applications possible in VANETs are safety oriented, convenience oriented, and commercial oriented [1]. Safety applications include immediate collision warning, forward obstacle detection and avoidance, emergency message dissemination, and so on. Convenience applications can provide route maps with real-time traffic jams and accident conditions to help drivers find the shortest path in terms of time consumption. Commercial applications can provide internet access as well as communications between passengers in cars in the same *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, 410073 Changsha, Hunan, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
vicinity, allowing the passengers to surf the internet, watch online movies, and even play games. To support information diffusion in VANETs, two kinds of network architectures are proposed. One is called vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), in which vehicles can communicate when they are located in the communication range of each other. The other one is called vehicleto-roadside (V2R) or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) or vehicle-to-wayside (V2W), which is a cellular-like system. The roadside infrastruc
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