Simulating LTE-Enabled Vehicular Communications
In the next years, cellular networks are expected to foster the development of inter-vehicle communication supporting advanced driver-assistance systems and self-driving cars. The evaluation of such systems can be performed via OMNeT++ , which supports tw
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Simulating LTE-Enabled Vehicular Communications Raphael Riebl, Giovanni Nardini, and Antonio Virdis
13.1 Introduction Modern inter-vehicle communication systems are labeled with various names, including Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), just to list a few of them. Terms like V2X and its siblings refer to the communicating parties, e.g., vehicles with other vehicles or traffic infrastructure or something else, and are principally independent of the underlying radio technology. Some communication standards have outlined such a heterogeneous radio approach for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) since many years [1]. DSRC, ITS G5, or Cellular V2X (C-V2X) then represent a particular realization of V2X communication. Some of them are using Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technology (e.g., DSRC and ITS G5), others use cellular networks (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G) or cellular communication modes not strictly requiring any base stations (e.g., C-V2X). On the one hand, simulation of WLAN-based vehicular communication is covered in detail in Chaps. 6 and 12. On the other hand, simulation of cellular communication in general is presented in Chap. 5. This section merges those topics into a combined simulation model, exploiting cellular communication in the context of vehicular communication, using both infrastructure (evolved Node B (eNB)relayed) and direct (UE-to-UE) communications, which exploit LTE’s Device-toDevice (D2D) capabilities. Ideally, those wireless communications converge to a
R. Riebl () Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany e-mail: [email protected] G. Nardini · A. Virdis University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 A. Virdis, M. Kirsche (eds.), Recent Advances in Network Simulation, EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12842-5_13
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hybrid system leveraging the specific benefits of both. For this purpose, we will use Artery to model aspects related to vehicular communications and SimuLTE for cellular ones. The simulation model presented in this chapter is distinct from previous attempts combining V2X with cellular networks such as Veins LTE [3, 4] or ArteryLTE [2, 5, 6]. The rest of this contribution is organized as follows: in Sect. 13.2, we provide background on vehicular communication. Then, the subsequent sections describe two variants of a V2X application warning other road users about black ice: Sect. 13.3 describes LTE-enabled vehicular communication based on infrastructured transmissions and Sect. 13.4 introduces D2D communications in place of the former = infrastructured transmissions.
13.2 General Aspects As presented in Chaps. 6 and 12, dedicated protocol suites exist for the communication between vehicles. In the United States, the proposed Dedicated ShortRange Communication (DSRC) system is based
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