Employing geochemistry and geochronology to unravel genesis and tectonic setting of iron oxide-apatite deposits of the B
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Employing geochemistry and geochronology to unravel genesis and tectonic setting of iron oxide‑apatite deposits of the Bafq‑Saghand metallogenic belt, Central Iran Seyed Afshin Majidi1,2 · Jafar Omrani1 · Valentin R. Troll3 · Franz A. Weis3 · Abdolrahim Houshmandzadeh4 · Ehsan Ashouri5 · Nima Nezafati2 · Sun‑Lin Chung6 Received: 5 January 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 © Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (GV) 2020
Abstract The Bafq-Saghand metallogenic belt is located in the central part of the Kerman–Kashmar tectonic zone and contains 39 individual occurrences of iron oxide-apatite ± REE mineralizations. These mineral concentrations, e.g., Chadormalu, Choghart, Sechahun, and Esfordi, comprise a total of ~ 1500 million tons of iron ore with an average grade of ~ 55% Fe. In terms of origin, time, and geodynamic setting, several modes of formation have been suggested for these ore deposits, including magmatic, hydrothermal, and banded iron formation scenarios. In the present study, the tectonic setting and metallogeny of iron oxide-apatites of the Bafq-Saghand belt are investigated utilizing trace element geochemistry, age dating, and oxygen isotope analyses. The geochemical characteristics of apatite and magnetite and the δ18O values of magnetite (from − 0.1 to + 2.2 ‰) indicate a dominantly magmatic-hydrothermal (δ18O > + 0.9 ‰) formation process, although primary magmatic mineralizations were locally leached and hydrothermally redeposited (e.g., samples with δ18O
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