Employing social vulnerability index to assess household social vulnerability of natural hazards: an evidence from south
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Employing social vulnerability index to assess household social vulnerability of natural hazards: an evidence from southwest coastal Bangladesh Anjum Tasnuva1 · Md. Riad Hossain1 · Roquia Salam2 · Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam2 · Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary3 · Sobhy M. Ibrahim4 Received: 30 March 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Vulnerability to hazards not only relies on the extent of natural hazards but also depends on the social and economic conditions of the communities. Therefore, this study intends to construct a household-level social vulnerability at the microscale in the nine wards of Chalna Municipality (CM), Dacope upazila, in southwest coastal Bangladesh by employing the social vulnerability index (SoVI). We surveyed 30 households from each ward to collect data on 33 vulnerability indicators. Of these, seven indicators were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA), which explained 96.34% of the total variance. The PCA results indicate that high population density, poor economic condition, the presence of vulnerable groups, unstable income generating sources, unplanned urban and poor infrastructure, lack of services, and lack of adequate sewage systems are the key drivers of social vulnerability of the CM. The SoVI score was generated using seven PCA outcomes for the respective wards. Results revealed that 44.45% of the areas are medium–high to high (wards 2, 4, 5, and 6) vulnerable. The highest level of social vulnerability was distributed in ward 5, while ward 8 was identified as the least vulnerable. About 33.33% of the CM was found as medium vulnerable areas (wards 1, 7, and 9). Ward 3 was categorized as a low–medium vulnerable area. The findings of the study will provide useful information for decision-makers and disaster managers to develop sustainable disaster management plans for coastal Bangladesh to reduce social vulnerability as well as to decrease the impacts of natural disasters. Keywords Social vulnerability index · Principal component analysis · Chalna Municipality · Social vulnerability · Coastal Bangladesh
* Anjum Tasnuva [email protected] * Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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1 Introduction Globally, frequency, as well as the intensity of natural hazards, has been increased over the past decades (Huggel et al. 2015; Aksha et al. 2019; Islam et al. 2017, 2020). This has consequently accelerated the interaction between humans and the environment that makes the people and assets exposed to the hazards, making the community more exposure to vulnerability. The concept of vulnerability was first developed by social scientists, and in the 1970s, it was recognized as a tool to know people’s risk perceptions about any disaster (Wisner et al. 2004; Schneiderbauer and Ehrlich 2004; Birkmann 2006). However, the vulnerability of the communities and people in the context of natural hazards does not only rely on the people’s
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