EMR/ESR/EPR Spectroscopy for Characterization of Nanomaterials

The subject matter of this book is the application of EMR/ESR/EPR spectroscopy for characterization of nanomaterials. Initial chapters deal with nanomaterials and their classification. Characterization of metallic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles

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Ashutosh Kumar Shukla Editor

EMR/ESR/EPR Spectroscopy for Characterization of Nanomaterials

Advanced Structured Materials Volume 62

Series editors Andreas Öchsner, Southport Queensland, Australia Lucas F.M. da Silva, Porto, Portugal Holm Altenbach, Magdeburg, Germany

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8611

Ashutosh Kumar Shukla Editor

EMR/ESR/EPR Spectroscopy for Characterization of Nanomaterials

123

Editor Ashutosh Kumar Shukla Department of Physics Ewing Christian College Allahabad India

ISSN 1869-8433 Advanced Structured Materials ISBN 978-81-322-3653-5 DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-3655-9

ISSN 1869-8441

(electronic)

ISBN 978-81-322-3655-9

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016950380 © Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd. 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd. The registered company address is: 7th Floor, Vijaya Building, 17 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi 110 001, India

To my parents

Preface

Nanotechnology has opened up a new area of research in different fields. Advantages are as many as to overcome disadvantages. The present collection intends to describe the applications of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in the area of nanomaterial characterization. I have used all the three names in the title of the book for the technique, viz, electron magnetic resonance (EMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron spin resonance (ESR). Logically EMR includes the terms EPR and ESR. Most of the available books on EPR generally involve mathematics and quantum mechanics. It poses a hurdle before the scientists from other disciplines. I have tried to avoid these mathematical details to make this collection more meaningful for readers from different disciplines. This book contains two parts. First part deals with nanomaterials and their classification. Second part deals