Emulgels Containing Carbopol 934P and Different Vegetable Oils for Topical Propolis Delivery: Bioadhesion, Drug Release
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Research Article Emulgels Containing Carbopol 934P and Different Vegetable Oils for Topical Propolis Delivery: Bioadhesion, Drug Release Profile, and Ex Vivo Skin Permeation Studies Rafaela Said dos Santos,1 Camila Félix Vecchi,1 Hélen Cássia Rosseto,1 Jéssica Bassi da Silva,1 Maria Eduarda Lima Dano,1 Lidiane Vizioli de Castro-Hoshino,2 Mauro Luciano Baesso,2 and Marcos Luciano Bruschi1,3
Received 4 May 2020; accepted 5 July 2020 Abstract. Topical administration can enable a more efficient therapy based on the improved bioavailability and patient compliance. Wounds and infections can lead to modifications of skin physiology and body protective function. Propolis (PRP) is utilized for skin protection and treatment. However, PRP extracts do not show suitable rheological characteristics and can cause irritation, pain, ulceration, and healing difficulties when they are administered on the harmed skin. Emulgels composed of Carbopol 934P (C934P) and different vegetable oils have been proposed for propolis extract release and may be a good strategy for topical delivery. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioadhesive properties, PRP release profile, skin permeation, and retention, by Franz’s diffusion cell and photoacoustic spectroscopy (PS), of these emulgels. Formulations were composed of C934P and passion fruit oil (PF), sweet almond oil (SA), or andiroba oil (AO). PRP or by-product extracts were added to the systems, drug release profile was investigated, and porcine ear skin was utilized for analyses of bioadhesive properties, skin permeation, and retention. All formulations displayed similar bioadhesive force (0.05–0.07 N); PRP release was modified (prolonged), dependent on formulation composition, and mainly governed by diffusion. PS and analysis using diffusion cell showed that the systems could provide dermal permeation and retention, which was more effective for formulations containing AO. Considering the importance of propolis for many skin therapies, the emulgels containing AO for PRP delivery are worthy of biological studies and further clinical evaluation. KEY WORDS: drug delivery; emulsion; bioadhesive strength; drug release; skin permeation.
INTRODUCTION Topical administration of biologically active agents has displayed many advantages for the clinical practice. It is an attractive alternative to conventional oral therapy due to its advantages, such as the possibility of a more efficient treatment based on the local drug action, avoiding the effect of first-pass metabolism, reduction of side effects, and promotes greater patient compliance (1–3). Skin is the human body’s largest organ having the function of protection and regulating the water loss. However, the presence of wounds and infections can lead to 1
Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Avenida Colombo, n. 5790, K68, S05, Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil. 2 Department of Physics, State University of Maringa, Maring
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