Encryption of ECG signals for telemedicine applications
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Encryption of ECG signals for telemedicine applications Abeer D. Algarni 1 & Naglaa F. Soliman 1,2 & Hanaa A. Abdallah 1,2 & Fathi E. Abd El-Samie 1,3 Received: 27 January 2019 / Revised: 15 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Multimedia security has been extensively used in content protection, image authentication, data hiding and signal encryption. Similarly, transmission of biomedical data or information remotely for healthcare applications should be secure. One of the important medical signals that need to be transmitted to healthcare centers is the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. This paper is concerned mainly with ECG signal encryption for security applications. The paper presents three cryptosystems for ECG signal encryption based on the fusion of ECG signals with other masking signals that are rich in activities such as speech signals. The common thread between these cryptosystems is the operation on sample values of the ECG signal rather than adopting encoding and decoding schemes, and this saves much time and is more immune to both noise and hacking scenarios. The proposed cryptosystems are compared to the encryption technique that uses 1-D logistic map. The performances of the proposed cryptosystems are evaluated through simulation experiments in terms of histogram, structural similarity index, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), log-likelihood ratio, spectral distortion and correlation coefficient. It is clear from the experiments that the utilization of more levels of encryption increases the security. Keywords ECG signals -fusion - encryption - chaotic systems - random projection- saltinglogistic map
* Abeer D. Algarni [email protected] Naglaa F. Soliman [email protected] Hanaa A. Abdallah [email protected] Fathi E. Abd El-Samie [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Multimedia Tools and Applications
1 Introduction The ECG signal is a registration of the electrical activities of the heart. It can be used as a tool for diagnosis of cardiac diseases. It reflects the state of the heart. The heart is composed of the myocardium muscle, which contracts in a rhythmic way, and then pushes the blood circulation along the body. The propagation wave of electric current goes in the whole heart, and this causes the myocardial shrinking before each normal heart beat. The electric current spread is not random. It is well coordinated. Hence, this makes a strong and coordinated systole. The produced signal is the ECG signal. The main factors that affect the ECG signal include the shortage of oxygen in myocardium and the macroscopic disorders in the geometry of the heart [6, 32]. The different circulation action potentials in the heart cause a current flow, which leads to an electrical field that can be examined, in a weak form, at the body surface, through voltage measurement to get the ECG signal. Hence, the ECG signal is a graphical measurement of the electrical activiti
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