Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures Volume

This second volume of Gyllenbok's encyclopaedia of historical metrology comprises the first part of the compendium of measurement systems and currencies of all sovereign states of the modern World (A-I).Units of measurement are of vital importance in ever

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Jan Gyllenbok

Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures Volume 2

Science Networks. Historical Studies

Science Networks. Historical Studies Founded by Erwin Hiebert and Hans Wußing Volume 57

Edited by Eberhard Knobloch and Olivier Darrigol

Editorial Board: J. Barrow-Green, Milton Keynes U. Bottazzini, Milano K. Chemla, Paris A. Cogliati, Milano S.S. Demidov, Moskva C. Eckes, Nancy J. Hughes, Manchester R. Kr€ omer, Wuppertal

J. Peiffer, Paris W. Purkert, Bonn D. Rowe, Mainz Ch. Sasaki, Kasugai T. Sauer, Mainz A. Simo˜es, Lisboa V.P. Vizgin, Moskva

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/4883

Jan Gyllenbok

Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures Volume 2

Jan Gyllenbok Lomma, Sweden

ISSN 1421-6329 ISSN 2296-6080 (electronic) Science Networks. Historical Studies ISBN 978-3-319-66690-7 ISBN 978-3-319-66691-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66691-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017946468 Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 28A12, 28A75, 91C05, 97F70 # Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. € Cover illustration: From Waller Ms de-00215, August Beer: Uber die Correction des Cosinusgesetzes bei der Anwendung des Nicol’schen Prismas in der Photometrie, after 1850. With friendly permission by The Waller Manuscript Collection (part of the Uppsala University Library Collections). Printed on acid-free paper This book is published under the trade name Birkha¨user, www.birkhauser-science.com by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

This second volume of the Encyclopaedia, as well as the third volume, addresses many of the units of measure used in sovereign states