Endometrial Carcinoma: Evolution and Overview
The uterus with its lining, i.e., the endometrium, is a very expressive organ. It manifests its suffering through a variety of symptoms pertaining to benign as well as malignant diseases. Pathophysiological behavior of the uterus and endometrium can be ap
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Endometrial Carcinoma: Evolution and Overview Ranu Patni
The uterus with its lining, i.e., the endometrium, is a very expressive organ. It manifests its suffering through a variety of symptoms pertaining to benign as well as malignant diseases. Pathophysiological behavior of the uterus and endometrium can be aptly described as follows: With life in it, it grows. With death in it, it throws. But, when it weeps It shows, it shows, it shows!
This book focuses on one of the most dreaded maladies of the uterus originating from the endometrium, i.e., the endometrial carcinoma. This chapter will give, the reader, an overview about endometrial carcinoma with the aim of creating a will to read on in order to gain maximum possible knowledge about this condition. According to Seibold and Wolf (1973), reproductive cancers were rare in nonhuman primates. They reported one ovarian adenocarcinoma, no endometrial carcinoma, and no breast cancers in 1065 nonhuman primate necropsies [1]. Currently, it is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. According to the current Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) fact sheets released in April 2016 based on data review from 1975 to 2013, the number of estimated new detected cases of endometrial carcinoma in 2016 is 60,050. This constitutes 3.6 % of all new cancer cases. Similarly, the number of estimated deaths due to endometrial carcinoma in 2016 is 10,470 which is 1.8 % of all cancer deaths. Median age at diagnosis is 62 years and the median age of death is 70 years as per SEER database. Five-year survival based on statistics from the year 2006 to year 2012 is 81.7 %. The 5-year relative survival has been more or less constant over the last three or four decades R. Patni Gynecologic Oncology, Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 R. Patni (ed.), Current Concepts in Endometrial Cancer, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3108-3_1
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R. Patni
89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79
Relative survival (in percentage)
1975
1990
2004
2007
Graph 1.1 Five-year relative survival trend in endometrial carcinoma based on SEER database Table 1.1 Number of cases and number of deaths per 100,000 persons by race/ethnicity: endometrial carcinoma based on SEER database Race/ethnicity All races White Black Asian/Pacific Islander American Indian/Alaska Native Hispanic Non-Hispanic
Number of cases 25.4 26.0 24.6 20.3 21.3 21.4 25.9
Number of deaths 4.5 4.1 7.9 2.9 3.6 3.6 4.5
(Graph 1.1). SEER database, 2016, also reiterates the old fact that the number of new cases per 100,000 persons is higher in white race (26.0) compared to black race (24.6) or Asians/Pacific Islanders (20.3) and American Indians/Alaska Natives (21.3). However, the number of deaths per 100,000 is higher in black race (7.9) compared to white race (4.1), Asians/Pacific Islanders (2.9), and American Indians/ Alaska Natives (3.6) (Table 1.1). A small study comparing African-American and Caucasian patients found no
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