Endometrial Polyps
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Suggested Reading Canadian Public Health Association. (2003, July). National literacy and health program. Ottawa, Canada. http://www.nlhp.cpha.ca Castro, R., Peek-Asa, C., & Ruiz, A. (2003). Violence against women in Mexico: A study of abuse before and during pregnancy. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 1110–1116. Cornelius, L., Smith, P., & Simpson, G. (2002). What factors hinder women of color from obtaining preventative health care? Journal of Public Health, 92(4), 535–538. Simonds, S. K. (1974). Health education as social policy. Health Education Monograph, 2, 1–25. Tomlinson, L. (2003). Patient and practitioner literacy and women’s health: A global view from the closing decade 1990–2000. Ethnicity and Disease, 248–258.
Suggested Resources Kirsch, I., Jungeblut, A., Jenkins, L., & Kolstad, A. (1993). Executive summary of Adult literacy in America: A first look at the results of the National Adult Literacy Survey. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. http://nces.ed.gov//naal/resources/execsumm.asp National Center for Education Statistics. (2003, July). U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC. http://nces.ed.gov National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2003, July). National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/education/news/improving_ health_literacy.asp National Violence Against Women Prevention Research Center. (2003). Research. http://www.nvaw.org Selden, C., Zorn, M., Ratzan, S. C., & Parker, R. M., compilers. (2002). Health literacy. National Library of Medicine, Current Bibliographies in Medicine, no. 2000–1 (online). Bethesda, MD ( 2003, July). http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/resources.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Women’s Health. (2003, July). Washington, DC. http://www.4woman. gov/owh
GAIL E. SOUARE
Endometrial Polyps Endometrial polyps are noncancerous (benign) growths found within the uterine cavity. Usually they are asymptomatic and remain undetectable for decades. In women without symptoms, they are often found coincidentally when pelvic ultrasound is performed for unrelated problems. However, in women with abnormal uterine bleeding, investigation of the bleeding may lead to their detection. The symptoms most often related to uterine polyps include abnormal bleeding, postcoital staining (bleeding after intercourse), chronic vaginal discharge, painful periods (dysmenorrhea), or infertility. Generally, the abnormal bleeding associated with polyps is characterized by: intermenstrual (bleeding between periods) or premenstrual spotting, or heavier menstrual flow, or increased clotting at the time of menses. Additionally, one fourth of women with polyps in the tube leading from the vagina to the uterus (endocervical polyps) will have an endometrial polyp. Luckily, 99% of polyps removed by hysteroscopy (surgical removal via small tube) are benign (noncancerous). In women who are experiencing symptoms, however, hysteroscopic removal is imperative to evaluate the
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