Energy Efficient Routing Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Ant-Colony Optimization
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Energy Efficient Routing Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Ant‑Colony Optimization S. Jeba Anandh1 · E. Baburaj2
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consists of numerous number of nodes fitted with energy reserves to collect large amount of data from the environment on which it is deployed. Energy conservation has huge importance in wsn since it is virtually impossible to recharge the nodes in their remote deployment. Forwarding the collected data from nodes to the base station requires considerable amount of energy. Hence efficient routing protocols should be used in forwarding the data to the base station in order to minimize the energy consumption thereby increasing the life-time of the network. In this proposed routing protocol, we consider a hierarchical routing architecture in which nodes in the outer-level forwards data to the inner-level nodes. Here we optimized the routing path using ant-colonies where data moves along minimal congested path. Further, when ant-colony optimization is used, certain cluster-head nodes may get overloaded with data forwarding resulting in early death due to lack of energy. To overcome this anomaly, we estimated the amount of data a neighboring Cluster-head can forward based on their residual energy. We compared the energy consumption results of this proposed Routing using Ant Colony Optimization (RACO) with other existing clustering protocols and found that this system conserves more energy thereby increasing lifetime of the network. Keywords Cluster · Energy efficiency · Wireless sensor network · Routing · Ant colony · Network lifetime
* S. Jeba Anandh [email protected] E. Baburaj [email protected] 1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University College of Engineering Nagercoil, Anna University Constituent College, Konam, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India
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Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Marian Engineering College, Kazhakootam, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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S. J. Anandh, E. Baburaj
1 Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks consists of large number of small sensor nodes that collaborates with each other in sensing a physical phenomenon such as temperature, pressure, humidity etc. in the deployed region. WSN finds its applications in various fields such as medical, military and environmental fields. Main issues concerning the wireless sensor networks are high energy usage, data loss during data collection and data security. Every node is equipped with a small energy source by which the node should sense, send and receive data. If a node is overloaded with data, its energy may get depleted so quickly that it may die out due to lack of energy. If more number of nodes dies in a short span of time, then the life time of the wireless sensor network will get diminished. In an effort to enhance the life-time of the network, several architectures were developed. Among them clustered architecture of wireless sensor nodes is found to minimiz
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