Engineering Flood Protection on Mountain Rivers
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Vol. 54, No. 3, September, 2020
HYDROTECHNICAL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING FLOOD PROTECTION ON MOUNTAIN RIVERS M. A. Kolosov1 and N. V. Selezneva2 Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel’svo, No. 3, March 2020, pp. 6 – 13.
The effect of river flood on the channel and settlements is discussed. The insufficiency of cleaning the channel to increase the river capacity and the shortcomings of the effect of the river dikes on the channel are justified. It is proposed to use flood-control dams (rapids) on tributaries for detention of floodwaters in the flood formation zone. Keywords: flood; flood protection program; channel cleaning; flooding of settlements; flood formation zone; metered water discharge; rainfall runoff; tributary.
in the Eastern Sayans sharply increased the water levels in the Iya and Uda Rivers (Figs. 2 and 3) [1]. In the end of June, 2019, the Irkutsk oblast’ was hit by the strongest flooding, causing tens of fatalities and billions of losses. During the flooding, the peak water levels were 14 m in the Iya River in Tulun, 10 m in the Oka River, and 3 m in the Uda and Belaya Rivers, the critical level being 7 m. The flooding lasted almost a week, and the peak was in the middle of this period. A month later, in the end of July, 2019, the water level in the rivers in the Irkutsk oblast’ began to rise again. The peak water level during the second wave of flooding was 11 m, which is 4 m higher than the critical
Special hazard to submountain settlements arises from rainfall floods. In Russia, for example, the rivers running down the slopes of the Sikhote-Alin, Caucasus and Sayan mountains are of the greatest danger. The last devastating flood originated in the Eastern Sayan Mountains destroyed the town of Tulun (Fig. 1) and inundated the town of Nizhneudinsk in 2019 [1]. The cause of the flood was the extremely high intensity of rain showers 1 2
Admiral S. O. Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, St. Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Admiral S. O. Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, St. Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]
Observations (Rosgidromet) Mean (Rosgidromet) Adjusted values Gage levels (floodplain) Gage levels (flooding) Gage levels (critical)
Fig. 1. Stage-time curve for the Iya River according to Tulun gage in June, 2019 [1].
291 1570-145X/20/5403-0291 © 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
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M. A. Kolosov and N. V. Selezneva
level. Ten thousand houses were flooded of which more than half were destroyed completely. The flooded area included more than hundred settlements where about 50,000 people lived. Peoples were evacuated, highways and other public amenities were destroyed, and the traffic on the unique highway connecting Central Russia with Siberia and the Far East was blocked. The total damage was more than 35 billion rubles, of which the major portion was damage to utilities and amenities, about one third was loss of private property, and the remaining portion was loss of agricultural lands and other l
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