Influence of rain pattern on flood control in mountain creek areas: a case study of northern Zhejiang
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Influence of rain pattern on flood control in mountain creek areas: a case study of northern Zhejiang Feifeng Cao1 · Qiru Tao1 · Shaojun Dong1 · Xiaolong Li2 Received: 29 September 2019 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 / Published online: 25 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Mountain creek areas are a type of flood-prone area, and the flood control in these areas has not been well understood. This study aims to evaluate the impact of rain patterns on the water level and the establishment of flood control standard in mountain creek areas by conducting a case study. The case study was performed on a typical mountain creek area, called Shiliqu watershed in Hangzhou, China. A MIKE11 model was first established to analyze the required flood control standard through investigating the river level impacted by two rain patterns (the designed rainstorm and the typhoon Fitow). The results show that the designed rainstorm pattern and the typhoon Fitow rain pattern have the single-peak and multi-peak profile, respectively. The peak rainfall value of the designed rainstorm pattern is much higher than that of the typhoon Fitow. However, the large fluctuations under the typhoon Fitow rain pattern causes multi-level overtopping which threats the safety of the flood control. Also, the typhoon Fitow could have a greater influence on the water level of the tributaries of the river than that of the mainstream. The selection of rain pattern on the design of flood control standard in mountain creek areas is discussed. Keywords Flood control standards · Mountain creek · Rain pattern · Small watershed · Typhoon
Introduction With the rapid urbanization, much attention has been paid to improve the flood control standard of cities, and flood control countermeasures have been continuously improved. Protection against flooding has become a national policy in the world (Brouwer and Van Ek 2004; Dircke and Molenaar 2015). The implementation of this policy is critical to the flood control management. Cruz et al. (2007) reported that people affected by flooding will rise to 94 million annually by the end of the 21st Century. * Feifeng Cao [email protected] Qiru Tao [email protected] Shaojun Dong [email protected] Xiaolong Li [email protected] 1
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
Hangzhou Yongji Water Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310000, China
2
To date, many global flood damages have occurred in Asia, particularly in China (Tingsanchali 2012). China’s hilly area exceeds two-thirds of the country’s land area with steep riverbed slope; this is conducive to the formation of mountain flood (Liu et al. 2017). Among these areas, the mountain creek area is flood-prone where flooding could lead to large disasters. Thus, the flood control for the mountain creek area is critical to protecting people’s safety and property. Floods in the creek area are difficult to discharge considering the following special characteristics: (1) The terrain varies g
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