Engineering Physiology Bases of Human Factors Engineering/ Ergonomic
How big are people nowadays? How far can we reach? How strongly can we push our pull? How does our body develop muscle strength? What are our work capabilities? How can we measure and judge them? How can we design equipment and tasks to make work easy and
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Karl H.E. Kroemer · Hiltrud J. Kroemer · Katrin E. Kroemer-Elbert
Engineering Physiology Bases of Human Factors Engineering/Ergonomics Fourth Edition
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Karl H.E. Kroemer 3624 Laurel Drive 24060-8562 Blacksburg, VA Virginia USA [email protected]
Hiltrud J. Kroemer 3624 Laurel Drive 24060-8562 Blacksburg, VA Virginia USA [email protected]
Katrin E. Kroemer-Elbert 133 St. Paul Street 07090-2144 Westfield, NJ USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-12882-0 e-ISBN 978-3-642-12883-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-12883-7 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010930424 3rd edition: © VNR (now Wiley) 1997 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986, 1990, 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
A Few Words at the Beginning
Gunther Lehmann published his book “Practical Work Physiology” (Praktische Arbeitsphysiologie, Stuttgart, Thieme) in 1953. He used to say, with his little smile, that some of his learned colleagues accused him of over-simplifying a difficult subject matter while engineers and managers still marveled the complexities of the human body. His book was translated into four languages, and it had its second edition in 1962. The first edition of our “Engineering Physiology”, published in 1986, followed Professor Lehmann’s path and we received similar comments – and the widespread use of that book caused follow-up editions in 1990 and 1997, and now again in 2010. This fourth edition of Engineering Physiology has the same purpose as the earlier prints: to provide physiological information which engineers, designers, managers and all other persons need who want to make work and equipment “fit the human”. All chapters have been revised, figures and tables updated. New material is in all chapters of this new edition, especially as it relates to: Recent experiences with biomechanics and modeling of the body. Modern replacements of deteriorated and damaged body parts. Effects of shift work on body functions, attitude and performance. Changes in body sizes and in measurement techniques, and the resultant changes in applications of that informa
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