Engineering solutions related to the furnace arrangement of a boiler designed for operating at supercritical steam condi
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EAM BOILERS, POWERGENERATING FUEL, BURNERS, AND BOILER AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
Engineering Solutions Related to the Furnace Arrangement of a Boiler Designed for Operating at Supercritical Steam Conditions A. V. Shtegman, I. A. Ryzhii, D. V. Sosin, and V. R. Kotler AllRussia Thermal Engineering Institute, ul. Avtozavodskaya 14, 115280 Moscow, Russia email: [email protected] Abstract—When developing a coalfired power unit designed for operating at supercritical steam conditions (SSCs), it is necessary not only to achieve high economic performance and the high reliability of a new power unit, but also to tackle many problems related to the efficient combustion of the solid fuel without exceeding the future standards for limitations on emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. The technolog ical methods of suppression of nitrogen oxides capable of providing the permissible NOx emissions are dis cussed. The results of calculations are given that demonstrate the feasibility of achieving the purpose in view by means of installation of new lowNOx burners and staged injection of the fuel even on combustion of the Ekibastuz black coal high in ash content. Keywords: coalfired power unit, supercritical steam conditions, combustion of solid fuel, emissions of harm ful substances, nitrogen oxides, lowNOx burner, staged fuel injection, Ekibastuz black coal DOI: 10.1134/S0040601514040089
At the present time, in Russia, a sizable proportion of electric power is generated by thermal power plants at power units that have been designed for operation at either subcritical or moderatelysupercritical (24 MPa, 545/545°C) steam conditions. The service life of most of these boilers is close to becoming expired, they operate with impaired economic performance (the net efficiency of a power unit is from 35 to 37%), and do not meet the presentday environmental require ments. In this connection, as well as with due regard for the anticipated increase in the proportion and the cost of solid fuel in the fuel mix of thermal power sta tions, power engineers are faced with the problem of developing new pulverized coalfired power units designed for operating at supercritical steam condi tions (SSCs). An increase in the efficiency of a new power unit operating at SSCs, as compared to that of pulverized coalfired power units, which operate at supercritical steam pressure and have been introduced previously, can be achieved by means of not only an increase in steam parameters, but also by the enhanced perfor mance of elements of the main equipment, first and foremost, of a boiler plant and a turbine plant. Owing to the enhanced efficiency of a power unit the fuel consumption when the same amount of electrical power is generated, and, hence, the amount of the combustion products emitted into the atmosphere, among them, hazardous toxic substances—nitrogen oxides NOx, sulfur dioxide, and greenhouse gas СО2—will be reduced as well.
In recent years in Russia there have been actively carried out works on developing a pulverized coal
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