English for Academic Research: Grammar, Usage and Style
This guide is based on a study of referees’ reports and letters from journal editors on the reasons why papers written by non-native researchers are rejected due to problems with English usage, style and grammar. It draws on English-related errors from ar
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Adrian Wallwork
English for Academic Research: Grammar, Usage and Style
English for Research: Usage, Style, and Grammar
Adrian Wallwork
English for Research: Usage, Style, and Grammar
Adrian Wallwork Via Carducci 9 56127 Pisa, Italy [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4614-1592-3 ISBN 978-1-4614-1593-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1593-0 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012948775 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Introduction
Who is this book for? This book is aimed at anyone who writes research papers, whose first language is not English, and who needs guidance regarding the grammar, usage, and style of academic English. It should also be useful for those who edit or proofread research papers. It is suitable for those whose level of English is mid intermediate or higher.
How is the book organized? The book is organized into 28 chapters on various aspects of English usage. This means that in the same chapter you will find all issues related to, for example, the use of tenses. However, some grammatical items are separated for convenience. For example, you will find the use of adverbs in three different sections: Chapter 13 deals with how adv
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