Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Structure Properties of Bamboo by Moderate Two-Step Pretreatment
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Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Structure Properties of Bamboo by Moderate Two-Step Pretreatment Jing Yang 1,2,3 & Hao Xu 1,2 & Jianchun Jiang 1,2 & Ning Zhang 1,2 & Jingcong Xie 1,2 & Jian Zhao 1,2 & Min Wei 1,2 Received: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
A moderate two-step pretreatment method was investigated to improve the enzymatic saccharification of bamboo residues. SEM and FTIR were employed to characterize the structure changes. Fed-batch enzymatic saccharification was performed to obtain high concentration of fermentable sugar. Bamboo was impregnated at low severity of conditions (room temperature, 2% H2SO4 or 2% NaOH, 48 h) to initially alter the structure of bamboo, and then further pretreated by steam explosion at 1.0 MPa for 6 min. The highest delignification of 51% and the highest enzymatic hydrolysis of 47.1% were reached at 2% NaOH impregnation followed by steam explosion. The changes in the structural characteristics showed beneficial effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis. When a mixer of cellulase (30 FPU) and β-glucosidase (10 CBU) was further used, the maximum enzymatic hydrolysis of 78.9% and total glucose yield of 68.2% were obtained. The maximum sugar release from the holocellulose was 500 mg/g bamboo, approximately 83.3% conversion efficiency based on monomeric sugar recovery. With fed-batch saccharification, a final substrate loading of 30% brought 107.7 g/L glucose, 35.81 g/L xylose, and 7.82 g/L arabinose release, respectively. This study provided an effective strategy for potential utilization of bamboo residues. Keywords Bamboo . Moderate two-step pretreatment . Enzymatic hydrolysis . Structure analysis . Fed-batch saccharification
Introduction With the increasing energy consumption and global warming concerns caused by fossil fuels, the development of alternative energy has gained special interest. Biomass, especially
* Jianchun Jiang bio–[email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
lignocelluloses, has been regarded as the potential renewable resource for biofuels, chemicals, and polymers, without competition with increasing food demand for existing arable land [1–3]. Bamboo, a perennial woody grass, has been widely used as the feedstock of paper, textile, food, architecture, and reinforcing fibers. Its potential contribution to sustainable natural resource has only recently been recognized, due to its extraordinary growth rate, high content of holocellulose (up to 70% of dry base), high productivity, and rich resource [4–6]. There are 1250 species within 75 genera of bamboos in the globe, 300 species in 44 genera of which are found in China, occupying 33,000 km2 or 3% of total forest area [7]. Annual output of bamboo was 1356 billion culms in China in 2012, among which the unutilized miscellaneous bamboos were more than 10 million culms [8]. Meanwhile, considerable amounts of residues are produced during the bamboo-
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