Enhanced Leachability of a Lean Weathered Crust Elution-Deposited Rare-Earth Ore: Effects of Sesbania Gum Filter-Aid Rea
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WEATHERED crust elution-deposited rare-earth ore, also called ion-adsorbed type rare-earth ore, which is rich in mid-heavy rare-earth elements such as Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Lu, Y, etc., is the main resource of mid-heavy rare earth in the world.[1] It exists only in China and is distributed mainly in the Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Guangdong, and Zhejiang provinces.[2] Its development and utilization solve the problem of mid-heavy rare-earth deficiency around the world, which is a significant contribution to the development of the global rare-earth industry.[3,4] This kind of rare-earth ore is composed mainly of clay minerals, such as nerchinskite, illite, kaolinite, smectite, quartz, and feldspar.[5] Rare-earth element (REE) in the ore exists mainly on the surface of the clay minerals as adsorbed ions (estimated to be 75 pct to 95 pct of the
JUN TIAN, Professor, is with the Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Science, Nanchang, 330029, P.R. China, and with the School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected]. JINGQUN YIN, Associate Professor, and GUOHUA RAO, Professor, are with the Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Science.XUEKUN TANG, Master Student, and XIANPING LUO, Professor, are with the School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology. JI CHEN, Professor, is with the Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Science, and with the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China. Manuscript submitted September 7, 2012. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
total), which is referred to as the ion-exchangeable phase, and the others are in the form of aqueous soluble phase, colloid sediment phase, and mineral phase, respectively.[6] Among them, ion-exchangeable phase REE is the only part that can be extracted currently.[7] For this phase of REE, it has stable chemical properties, does not hydrolyze, and revolutes in neutral water. The conventional physical beneficiation processes such as flotation, electrical separation, magnetic separation, and gravity concentration were found to be incapable for extraction rare earth from this resource.[8,9] But it can be extracted with the chemical leaching method as an ionexchangeable mechanism.[10] Since the weathered crust elution-deposited rare-earth ores were developed in the 1970s, this chemical leaching method has developed greatly, and a three-generation leaching process, such as the barrel leaching process, pond leaching process, and in situ leaching process, was established by Chinese scientists and engineers.[11] The leaching process is often associated with high lixiviant consumption and low rare-earth leaching efficiency due to the poor permeability and varied characteristics of the clay minerals. The ore has the special mineralogy characteristics of a silic
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