Enhanced-Pro: A New Enhanced Solar Energy Harvested Prediction Model for Wireless Sensor Networks
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Enhanced‑Pro: A New Enhanced Solar Energy Harvested Prediction Model for Wireless Sensor Networks Moumita Deb1 · Sarbani Roy2 Accepted: 29 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Energy harvesting facilitates Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to work in perpetual mode. But, the amount and duration of green energy depend on the unpredictable behavior of ambient energy sources. Limited knowledge of future energy availability is the main constraint in designing routing and MAC (Medium Access Control) protocol. If the prediction of future energy availability can be done with fine accuracy, then energy management strategies can be designed accordingly. Predicting solar irradiance value is a challenging issue as it has seasonal and daily temperature variation. Enhanced-Pro, a novel energy prediction strategy is proposed here by considering past energy observations as well as current energy intake, and its effectiveness is also tested. It is a modification of Pro-Energy, which is a landmark solar energy prediction solution in terms of accuracy. In this work, real-life solar traces are used for prediction. The algorithm incorporates two factors tuning factor and fine adjustment index. These two factors help to enhance prediction accuracy. EnhancedPro is compared with Pro-Energy, I-Pro-Energy, and QL-SEP. The simulation result proves Enhanced-Pro delivers better performance in the scale of computational complexity and accuracy. Keywords Energy harvesting · Tuning algorithm · Tuning factor · Fine adjustment index
1 Introduction 1.1 Overview of the Domain The importance of WSN is growing day by day as it has potential civilian and military applications. Energy harvesting capability facilitates the sensor network to last forever. It is a known fact that sensor nodes consume more energy in data transmission than
* Sarbani Roy [email protected] Moumita Deb [email protected] 1
Department of Information Technology, RCC Institute of Information Technology, Kolkata, India
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Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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reception and sensing. Overhearing, idle listening, packet retransmission, and control packet overhead are the major sources of energy wastage. Routing and MAC protocols deal with these factors. Despite their huge application prospect, one of the major concerns of WSN is energy, as they are equipped with small batteries and that often need to be changed. Batteries can be fixed or rechargeable. However, replacement or recharging of the battery is a slow and expensive operation. Different power management strategies [1, 2], duty cycle adjustments in MAC protocol [3, 4], use of routing and data dissemination protocol [5–7], redundant placement of nodes to ensure coverage [8, 9], adapting sensing rate [10], tired architecture, etc. are common tactics to slow down the energy depletion process. Efficient cluster head selection in the heterogeneous wireless sensor i
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