Enhanced Secondary Metabolite Production in Hairy Root Cultures Through Biotic and Abiotic Elicitors
Natural products from plants are of major pharmaceutical and therapeutic importance, several of which are often obtained from the underground parts of the concerned plants, necessitating the uprooting and killing of the whole plants. The biosynthetic capa
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Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Different Kinds of Elicitors: An Insight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1 The Abiotic Elicitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 Biotic Elicitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Abstract
Natural products from plants are of major pharmaceutical and therapeutic importance, several of which are often obtained from the underground parts of the concerned plants, necessitating the uprooting and killing of the whole plants. The biosynthetic capacity of “hairy roots” has appeared to closely mirror that of the roots of the parent plant from which they are derived and therefore has extensively been studied as an effective alternate system for in vitro secondary metabolite production. The growth rates and secondary metabolite yields of such transformed roots have also been improved by adopting several measures, such as: by alterations in nutrient composition, carbohydrate source and their levels, G. Kaur Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India P. Prakash · R. Srivastava Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchNational Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India P. C. Verma (*) Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchNational Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 K. G. Ramawat et. al. (eds.), Plant Cell and Tissue Differentiation and Secondary Metabolites, Reference Series in Phytochemistry, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11253-0_38-1
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pH changes, supplementation with growth hormones, or elicitation with biotic or abiotic elicitors. Elicitors act by working as signals which are received by some elicitor-specific receptors present on the plant membranes, thus activating the defense responses which in turn lead to targeted secondary metabolite production. The present chapter discusses the effectiveness of different sources of elicitors (biotic or abioti
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