Production of some benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in Papaver armeniacum L. hairy root cultures elicited with salicylic aci
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PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
Production of some benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in Papaver armeniacum L. hairy root cultures elicited with salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate Meisam Sharifzadeh Naeini 1 & Mohammad Reza Naghavi 1 & Mohammad Reza Bihamta 1 & Manijeh Sabokdast 1 & Maryam Salehi 1 Received: 19 January 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 / Editor: Yong Eui Choi # The Society for In Vitro Biology 2020
Abstract Papaver armeniacum hairy roots were induced by four Rhizobium rhizogenes strains on three explants (shoot, root, and hypocotyl). Also, the effects of two concentrations (100 and 200 μM) of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid (SA) were assessed on productions of papaverine, noscapine, thebaine, morphine, and codeine and expression of some related genes (TYDC, DBOX, BBE, SalAT, T6ODM, and COR) in P. armeniacum L. hairy root culture at 24 and 48 h after elicitation. R. rhizogenes strain C58C1 induced the highest hairy root rate on hypocotyl explant. Application of 100 μM MJ resulted in the highest contents of thebaine, codeine, and morphine by enhancing the expression of SalAT, COR, and T6ODM genes, respectively, while application of 100 μM SA resulted in the highest contents of papaverine and noscapine by upregulating DBOX and BBE genes, respectively. 100 μM MJ can be used as an effective elicitor in P. armeniacum hairy root culture to increase studied morphinan alkaloids. Also, SA can be suggested for enhancing papaverine and noscapine contents in P. armeniacum hairy root culture. It may be due to that there is a SA- and MJ-signaling crosstalk, which results in reciprocal antagonism between SA and MJ signaling pathways. The effects of MJ and SA elicitors on benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) production were level-dependent. Keywords Rhizobium rhizogenes . Elicitation . Morphinan alkaloids . Noscapine . Papaverine . Relative gene expression
Introduction The medicinal plants supply the basic raw material for pharmaceutical, perfumery, flavor, soaps, and cosmetic industries, so they are economically important (Bukar et al. 2016; Bahmankar et al. 2017). The genus Papaver has been globally attracted great attention, which is mainly attributed to plant capability to produce a well-known category of pharmaceutically bioactive compounds named “benzylisoquinoline alkaloids” (BIAs) including papaverine, thebaine, morphine, codeine, noscapine, and sanguinarine (Farrow et al. 2012; Hagel and Facchini 2013; Beaudoin and Facchini 2014). In addition to Papaver somniferum L. which is known as the main source
* Mohammad Reza Naghavi [email protected] 1
Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran
of BIAs, the other species of this genus including Papaver bracteatum L. (Rezaei et al. 2016) and Papaver orientale L. (Oriental poppy) produce these bioactive compounds (Hashemi and Naghavi 2016). Morphinan alkaloids as the strongest narcotic analgesics are applied to remedy moderate to severe chronic pain.
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