Enhanced volatile fatty acid production from sago hampas by Clostridium beijerinckii SR1 for bioelectricity generation u
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RESEARCH PAPER
Enhanced volatile fatty acid production from sago hampas by Clostridium beijerinckii SR1 for bioelectricity generation using microbial fuel cells Mohd Azwan Jenol1 · Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim1 · Ezyana Kamal Bahrin1 · Suraini Abd‑Aziz1 Received: 6 April 2020 / Accepted: 13 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Sago hampas is a starch-based biomass from sago processing industries consisted of 58% remaining starch. This study has demonstrated the bioconversion of sago hampas to volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by Clostridium beijerinckii SR1 via anaerobic digestion. Higher total VFAs were obtained from sago hampas (5.04 g/L and 0.287 g/g) as compared to commercial starch (5.94 g/L and 0.318 g/g). The physical factors have been investigated for the enhancement of VFAs production using onefactor-at-a-time (OFAT). The optimum condition; 3% substrate concentration, 3 g/L of yeast extract concentration and 2 g/L of ammonium nitrate enhanced the production of VFAs by 52.6%, resulted the total VFAs produced is 7.69 g/L with the VFAs yield of 0.451 g/g. VFAs hydrolysate produced successfully generated 273.4 mV of open voltage circuit and 61.5 mW/ m2 of power density in microbial fuel cells. It was suggested that sago hampas provide as an alternative carbon feedstock for bioelectricity generation. Keywords Sago hampas · Clostridium beijerinckii SR1 · Volatile fatty acids · Microbial fuel cells · Bioelectricity generation Abbreviations C/N Carbon per nitrogen PEM Proton exchange membrane OFAT One factor at a time RCM Reinforced clostridium media VFAs Volatile fatty acids YE Yeast extract
Introduction Biomass is a potential feedstock for bioenergy production due to its abundance and renewable. There are many biobased industry products used nowadays are resulted from processing of natural cycle by-products such as biomass, including starch and cellulosic materials. Sago hampas a starch-based biomass resulted from sago starch processing * Suraini Abd‑Aziz [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
mill that has more than 50% of starch content [1, 2], which a great potential feedstock for production of value-added products. In Malaysia, Sarawak is known as the largest sago starch producer which covers 44,000 tons/year of starch export to Peninsular Malaysia, Japan, Singapore and other Asia countries [3]. Due to the demand, the production of sago starch is expected to increase, subsequently lead to the waste management by the processing mill since current disposal practice is directly release to the river water streams. In general, the sago starch extraction process consist of debarking, pulping and starch extraction process, in which during the pulping process has generated wastewater as well as sago hampas. Based on the composition of sago hampas, it has 58% starch, 32% cellulosic materials and 4% lignin [4, 5]. Recen
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