Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production Using Volatile Fatty Acids Derived from the Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Paper
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production Using Volatile Fatty Acids Derived from the Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Paper Huda Al Battashi1 · Shatha Al‑Kindi1 · Vijai Kumar Gupta2 · Nallusamy Sivakumar1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Waste paper as a resource for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production through anaerobic digestion is a low-cost strategy to produce bioplastic. In this study, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced from waste paper, one of the significant constituents of municipal solid waste, was utilized as a feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. PHA production from synthetic VFAs by Cupriavidus necator was initially optimized under different VFAs concentrations, VFAs ratios, and nitrogen sources. VFAs concentration of 10 g/L, 5:1:4 ratio of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids (HAc:HPr:HBu) and NaNO3 as nitrogen source were considered the optimum conditions with 56.98% PHA and 0.31 g/g yield. Anaerobic digestion of shredded office paper (OP/S) produced the maximum VFAs (521.50 mg/L) after 15 days of incubation and were utilized for PHA synthesis. Almost 2.24-fold increase in the yield of PHA was achieved with limited nutrient medium compared to nutrient contained medium with a PHA content of 53.50 and 23.88%, respectively. PHA production using anaerobic effluent of waste paper is a promising approach where a series of pretreatment processes, the expensive enzymatic hydrolysis, and detoxification were no longer required, suggesting an environmentally friendly way of biopolymer production. Keywords Waste paper · Volatile fatty acids · Polyhydroxyalkanoates · Anaerobic digestion
Introduction In the last few decades, plastic is indisputably highly crucial in our daily life [1]. However, the extensive use of synthetic plastics produced from petrochemical-derived compounds caused several environmental issues due to their persistence and accumulation in the ecosystems as a massive waste [2, 3]. To overcome this issue, synthetic plastic replacement by biodegradable plastic has become a pivotal approach. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a promising material for bioplastic production due to its biodegradable and biocompatible features. It is a microbial polyester which is accumulated intracellularly to store excess carbon under the vital nutrientlimited circumstance, for instance, nitrogen, phosphorus, * Nallusamy Sivakumar [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, PC 123, Muscat, Oman
AgroBioSciences (AgBS) and Chemical & Biochemical Sciences (CBS) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
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and oxygen [4, 5]. Among the 150 monomeric structures of the PHA family, the most common and comprehensively studied molecules are polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB-co-PHV) [6]. PHB homopolymer has a stiff and brittle structure due to its high crystallinity. However, PHV u
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