Enhancing soil water holding capacity and provision of a potassium source via optimization of the pyrolysis of bamboo bi
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Enhancing soil water holding capacity and provision of a potassium source via optimization of the pyrolysis of bamboo biochar Tran Thi Thu Hien1,2,4 · Toshiki Tsubota3 · Tomoyuki Taniguchi1,4 · Yoshiyuki Shinogi1,4 Received: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 © Shenyang Agricultural University 2020
Abstract Rapid expansion of cultivated bamboo negatively impacts on biodiversity and soil microbial community. As such, it is important to properly manage and use bamboo to prevent and control such issues. This study focuses on optimizing pyrolysis conditions to produce bamboo biochar for agricultural soil amendment, particularly soil potassium (K) and water holding capacity. Bamboo chips were pyrolyzed under nitrogen gas at 400, 600, and 800 °C for 1 and 2 h of retention. A total of six biochar products were created: 400-1 (i.e., 400 °C in 1 h), 400-2, 600-1, 600-2, 800-1, and 800-2. The 600 °C bamboo biochar products were observed to have the greatest potential in increasing soil K and water holding capacity. The 600-1 product had the highest potassium content (4.87%), with a water holding capacity of 3.73 g g−1, while the 600-2 product had the second-highest potassium content (4.13%) and the highest water holding capacity (4.21 g g−1) and cation exchange capacity. The K release in 600 °C products was larger and slower than that of the 400 °C and 800 °C products, respectively. The results also indicated that the physicochemical characteristics of bamboo biochar, such as yield, pH, surface area, water holding capacity, and K content, were significantly impacted by temperature, retention time, or a combination of these parameters. The outcomes from this study are a valuable reference for bamboo biochar production targeting agricultural soil amendment, particularly when it is directed at increasing soil K and water holding capacity. Keywords Bamboo biochar · Temperature · Retention time · Potassium · Water holding capacity · Cation exchange capacity
1 Introduction Biochar may be considered a material that contributes to improving environmental sustainability by reducing nutrient leaching, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, sequestering carbon, increasing soil fertility, and reducing heavy metal contamination in water and soil. The effect of biochar on soil nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions has been found to be dependent on its * Tran Thi Thu Hien [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Irrigation and Water Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 8130395, Japan
2
Agricultural Science Institute of Northern Central Vietnam, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Vinh, Nghe An 44000, Vietnam
3
Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 8048550, Japan
4
West No. 5 Building, 744 Motooka, Nishi‑Ward, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan
characteristics, soil properties, and the local climatic conditions. Clough et al. (2013) verified the diverse relationships between the type of biochar, the soil ty
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