Enhancing the Bioproduction of Cellulase by Aspergillus nidulan via Medium Optimization
The main objective of the study is to enhance the cellulase production using Plackett Burman Design (PBD) and Central Composite Design (CCD) by Aspergillus nidulan in Submerged fermentation (SmF). The screening of nine nutrients for their influence on cel
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1 Introduction Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose was carried out by the enzyme cellulase, a multi enzyme complex made up of several proteins. The cellulase enzyme is synthesized by microorganisms for their growth on cellulosic materials. The microorganisms are aerobic, anaerobic, mesophilic (or) thermophilic. Among them, the genera of Clostridium, Cellulomonas, Thermomonospora, Trichoderma, Aspergillus are extensively studied cellulase producer (Riswanali et al. 2012). The fungus Aspergillus nidulan is an efficient producer of cellulase enzymes. The lignocelluloses are agro industrial products by solid materials and utilized as physical support and source of nutrients in Solid state fermentation (SmF). The lignocellulosic substrates are such as barley bran, oat straw, sugarcane bagasse, grape, rice straw, corn, wheat straw, and others (Singhania et al. 2009; Dashtban et al. 2009). These biodegradable wastes are recognized as potential sustainable source for production of various value added products like, biofuel, animal feed, chemicals and enzymes (Ping et al. 2011). Fruit wastes fabricated in large amounts in India are both used as an animal feed and disposed of to the soil. Since fruit wastes include large amounts of carbohydrates and some nutrients, they can function as substrates for production of ligninolytic enzymes and other value-added products due to their renewable nature and low-cost availability through SmF (Akpinar and Ozturk Urek 2012).
P. Saravanan (&) R. Muthuvelayudham Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram 608002, Tamil Nadu, India e-mail: [email protected] R. Muthuvelayudham e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 Prasanna B.D. et al. (eds.), Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1920-3_7
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P. Saravanan and R. Muthuvelayudham
The present study was aimed at screening of nutrients and optimization of the selected nutrients in SmF using Plackett–Burman method and central composite design (CCD) to enhance the cellulase production.
2 Materials and Methods 2.1
Microorganisms and Maintenance
A. nidulan were obtained from the Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India. The cultures were maintained on potato dextrose agar slants at 4 °C and the slants were sub-cultured by every month.
2.2
Inoculum Preparation
The inoculum preparation, 2.0 ml of a spore suspension (containing 108 conidia/ml) of A. nidulan was inoculated into 50 ml of seed medium in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask and cultured at 30 °C, pH of 5.5 and 180 rpm for three days.
2.3
Fermentation Conditions
Fermentation was carried out in 250 ml cotton plugged Erlenmeyer flasks with 10 g of pre-treated pomegranate peel (Saravanan et al. 2012) at pH 7. The supplemented with different nutrient concentration for tests according to the selected factorial design and sterilized at 120 °C for 20 min. After cooling the flasks at room temperature, the flasks were inoculated with 1 ml of grown cultu
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