Enigma of ferruginous inclusions in Permian evaporites
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Enigma of ferruginous inclusions in Permian evaporites Rail Kadyrov 1
&
Mikhail Glukhov 1 & Evgeny Statsenko 1
&
Bulat Galliulin 1
Received: 25 July 2019 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract We studied Fe-rich microspherules and microparticles found as inclusions within a gypsum host rock, sourced from the KamskoUstyinskoe gypsum field (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia). Using both in situ and destructive microanalysis techniques (micro CT, XRF, SEM, EDS, and Raman spectroscopy), we examined a range of different possibilities of their origin and concluded that studied Upper Roadian microinclusions have an extraterrestrial genesis. This conclusion is based upon the similarity of microspherules both to the diagenetically altered I-type cosmic spherules and meteorite ablation spherules previously reported from modern and ancient sediments: spherical morphologies and sizes 10–150 μm, dendritic textures exhibiting cruciform or cellular arrangements, large sub-circular cavities representing the former position of weathered metal beads, irregular cavity networks, representing vesicles and vesicle networks of residual trapped volatile gases, and Fe-rich magnetite mineralogy. All microparticles and microspherules have experienced diagenetic alteration, connected with a total loss of Ni in the corrosion process and often recrystallization with Mn enrichment. Based on extraordinary concentration of extraterrestrial microspherules and quite similar to them in composition microparticles both mixed in the thin interlayer of studied sample, we hypothesized their meteor ablation origin. Keywords I-type ablation spherules . Meteorite iron . Ferruginous microparticles . Permian evaporites . Kamsko-Ustyinskoe gypsum field
Introduction In the second half of the nineteenth century, microparticles of cosmic dust magnetic shavings, plates, and microspherules were first discovered on the surface of the ice sheets of the Arctic and in deep oceanic clay (Nordenskjold 1874; Murray 1876). At present, such finds have become numerous in various depositional environments: modern marine deposits (Murray and Renard 1891; Bruun et al. 1955; Laevastu and Mellis 1955; Brownlow et al. 1966; Parkin et al. 1980; Herzog et al. 1999; Onoue et al. 2011), ancient sedimentary rocks (Crozier 1960; Iwahashi 1991; Bi et al. 1993; Kosakevitch and Disnar 1997; Dredge et al. 2010; Zhang et al. 2014; Responsible Editor: Domenico M. Doronzo * Rail Kadyrov [email protected] 1
Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 4/5 Kremlevskaya st., Kazan, Russia 420008
Genge et al. 2017; Suttle and Genge 2017), deserts (Fredriksson and Gowdy 1963), snow covers of Arctic, Antarctica, and Greenland (Langway 1970; Bornhold and Bonardi 1979; Brownlee et al. 1979; Maurette et al. 1991; Duprat et al. 2007; Genge et al. 2008; Noguchi et al. 2015), etc. The first study of magnetic microparticles from evaporites was conducted in 1965 by T. Mutch (Mutch 1964, 1966). Such micropa
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