Enriched Environment and Social Isolation Affect Cognition Ability via Altering Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Densi
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Enriched Environment and Social Isolation Affect Cognition Ability via Altering Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Density in Mice Hippocampus Hui Wang1,3 · Xiaxia Xu1 · Xinxin Xu1 · Jing Gao2 · Tao Zhang1 Received: 1 April 2020 / Revised: 16 July 2020 / Accepted: 22 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine whether the underlying mechanism of the alteration of cognitive ability and synaptic plasticity induced by the housing environment is associated with the balance of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic density. Enriched environment (EE) and social isolation (SI) are two different housing environment, and one is to give multiple sensory environments, the other is to give monotonous and lonely environment. Male 4-week-old C57 mice were divided into three groups: CON, EE and SI. They were housed in the different cage until 3 months of age. Morris water maze and novel object recognition were performed. Long term potentiation (LTP), depotentiation (DEP) and local field potentials were recorded in the hippocampal perforant pathway and dentate gyrus (DG) region. The data showed that EE enhanced the ability of spatial learning, reversal learning and memory as well as LTP/DEP in the hippocampal DG region. Meanwhile, SI reduced those abilities and the level of LTP/DEP. Moreover, there were higher couplings of both phase–amplitude and phase–phase in the EE group, and lower couplings of them in the SI group compared to that in the CON group. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis showed that EE significantly enhanced the level of PSD-95, NR2B and DCX; however, SI reduced them but increased G ABAARα1 and decreased DCX levels. The data suggests that the cognitive functions, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and neuronal oscillatory patterns were significantly impacted by housing environment via possibly changing the balance of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic density. Keywords Synaptic plasticity · Neuronal oscillation · Synaptic density · Enriched environment · Social isolation Abbreviations AMPA A-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid DEP Depotentiation
Hui Wang and Xiaxia Xu have contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-020-03102-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Tao Zhang [email protected] 1
College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
2
School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
3
School of Mathematical Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
DG Dentate gyrus EE Enriched environment E/I Excitatory/inhibitory fEPSP Field excitatory postsynaptic potential HG High gamma HRP Horseradish peroxidase IT Initial training LFPs Local field potentials LFS Low-frequ
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