Enteromorpha prolifera Diet Drives Intestinal Microbiome Composition in Siganus oramin
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Enteromorpha prolifera Diet Drives Intestinal Microbiome Composition in Siganus oramin Yan Xu1,2 · Jin Li1 · Xuefeng Han1 · Zhibiao Zhang1 · Mingqi Zhong1 · Zhong Hu1,3 Received: 19 February 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Enteromorpha prolifera (E. prolifera) contains complex sulfated polysaccharides that are resistant to biological degradation. Most organisms cannot digest biomass of E. prolifera, except Siganus oramin (S. oramin). This study was conducted to identify the bacteria in the intestine of S. oramin facilitating the digestion of E. prolifera polysaccharides (EPP). Metagenomic sequencing analysis of the S. oramin intestinal microbiota revealed that E. prolifera diet increased the number of Firmicutes, replacing Proteobacteria to be the dominant bacteria. The proportion of Firmicutes increased from 38.8 to 58.6%, with Bacteroidetes increasing nearly fivefold from 5 to 23.7%. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that EPP-induced Bacteroidetes increased significantly in the intestinal flora of S. oramin cultivated in vitro. Metatranscriptome analysis showed that EPP induced more transferase, polysaccharide hydrolase, glycoside hydrolase, and esterases expressed in vitro, and most of them were taxonomically annotated to Bacteroidetes. Compared with the aggregation of GH family genes in metagenomic sequencing analysis in vivo, EPP induced more CBM32, GH2, GT2, GT30, and GH30 families gene expression in vitro. In general, We found that the bacteria in intestinal tract of S. oramin responsible for digestion of E. prolifera were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while Bacteroidetes was the dominant bacteria involved in EPP degradation in vitro cultures. Compared with in vivo experiments, only GH family genes were mostly involved, we detected a more complete and complex EPP degradation pathway in vitro. The results may benefit the further study of biodegradation of E. prolifera and has potential implications for the utilization of E. prolifera for biotechnology.
Introduction E. prolifera occurs worldwide in intertidal zone of the sea, where it exists as the dominant algal species for the outbreak of giant green tides [1, 2]. However, E. prolifera is potentially useful as a high-value marine resources with a Yan Xu and Jin Li contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02218-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mingqi Zhong [email protected] * Zhong Hu [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, Shantou University, No. 243, Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
2
Heyuan Polytechnic, Heyuan 517000, Guangdong, China
3
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Marin Biotechnology, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
fast growth rate and its high content of EPP (>50% of its dry weight) [3–5]. EPP is one of a sulfated polysaccharides with complex structures and resist to biodegradation
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