Environmental Analysis by Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors App

Electrochemical sensors represent the oldest type of chemical sensors and are widely present in chemical laboratories, industries, healthcare and in many aspects of our daily life. During the past few decades biosensors mimicking biological receptors for

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Ligia Maria Moretto Kurt Kalcher Editors

Environmental Analysis by Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Volume 2: Applications

Nanostructure Science and Technology Series Editor: David J. Lockwood, FRSC National Research Council of Canada Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6331

Ligia Maria Moretto • Kurt Kalcher Editors

Environmental Analysis by Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Applications Volume 2

Editors Ligia Maria Moretto Department of Molecular Sciences and nanosystems University Ca’ Foscari of Venice Venice, Italy

Kurt Kalcher Institute of Chemistry Universita¨t Graz Graz, Austria

ISSN 1571-5744 ISSN 2197-7976 (electronic) ISBN 978-1-4939-1300-8 ISBN 978-1-4939-1301-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-1301-5 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014949384 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Foreword

Electrochemical sensors are transforming our lives. From smoke detectors in our homes and workplaces to handheld self-care glucose meters these devices can offer sensitive, selective, reliable, and often cheap measurements for an ever increasing diversity of sensing requirements. The d